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152
Humor / CATATAN HARIAN SEORANG PEREMPUAN
« on: 01 November 2008, 05:22:17 PM »
CATATAN HARIAN SEORANG PEREMPUAN
Pada usia 14 tahun,
ada cowok yang pedekate,
sungguh lelah ngumpet darinya.
Pada usia 24 tahun,
tak ada yang pedekate,
sungguh lelah memikirkannya.
Cowokku pura-pura mabuk dan mengajakku pulang ke rumahnya,
sungguh lelah menolaknya.
Cowokku bener-bener mabuk dan muntah di lantai,
sungguh lelah membersihkannya.
Ada yang pinjem uang sama cowokku,
aku takut mereka tak bayar,
sungguh lelah mencemaskannya.
Cowokku pinjem uang dengan orang lain,
sungguh takut orang lain menagih utang padaku,
tambah lelah mencemaskannya.
Melahirkan anak laki-laki takut anakku mirip ayahnya yang ngga punya masa
depan,
mengurusnya sungguh lelah.
Melahirkan anak perempuan,
takut dia tertipu seperti ibunya,
sama lelahnya.
Waktu suami lagi kere,
tiap hari harus irit,
sungguh lelah.
Waktu suami lagi banyak uang,
takut dia di luar belajar yang tidak-tidak,
sungguh lelah.
Suami terlalu ganteng,
di jalanan selalu ada cewek yang curi-curi pandang,
aku lelah.
Suami terlalu jelek,
setiap keluar di jalan,
sungguh lelah harus menjelaskan ke orang-orang kalo dia bukanlah supirku.
Pada usia 14 tahun,
ada cowok yang pedekate,
sungguh lelah ngumpet darinya.
Pada usia 24 tahun,
tak ada yang pedekate,
sungguh lelah memikirkannya.
Cowokku pura-pura mabuk dan mengajakku pulang ke rumahnya,
sungguh lelah menolaknya.
Cowokku bener-bener mabuk dan muntah di lantai,
sungguh lelah membersihkannya.
Ada yang pinjem uang sama cowokku,
aku takut mereka tak bayar,
sungguh lelah mencemaskannya.
Cowokku pinjem uang dengan orang lain,
sungguh takut orang lain menagih utang padaku,
tambah lelah mencemaskannya.
Melahirkan anak laki-laki takut anakku mirip ayahnya yang ngga punya masa
depan,
mengurusnya sungguh lelah.
Melahirkan anak perempuan,
takut dia tertipu seperti ibunya,
sama lelahnya.
Waktu suami lagi kere,
tiap hari harus irit,
sungguh lelah.
Waktu suami lagi banyak uang,
takut dia di luar belajar yang tidak-tidak,
sungguh lelah.
Suami terlalu ganteng,
di jalanan selalu ada cewek yang curi-curi pandang,
aku lelah.
Suami terlalu jelek,
setiap keluar di jalan,
sungguh lelah harus menjelaskan ke orang-orang kalo dia bukanlah supirku.
153
Seremonial / Happy Birthday Hokben
« on: 25 October 2008, 10:37:37 AM »
Hokben..
Happy Birthday ya..
Semoga makin maju dalam praktek Dhamma, dan makin langgeng ama Ms. Hokben
Ditunggu traktirannya..
kalau gak bakal diserbu kostnya..
Happy Birthday ya..
Semoga makin maju dalam praktek Dhamma, dan makin langgeng ama Ms. Hokben
Ditunggu traktirannya..
kalau gak bakal diserbu kostnya..
154
Pengembangan DhammaCitta / Pengembangan Board Kesehatan
« on: 20 October 2008, 12:28:37 PM »
Dear Admin & Global Mod
Sekedar usul, saya rasa ada baiknya board kesehatan diperluas khusus mengenai bagian Pengobatan Timur.
Lirik papa Bond sebagai momod..
Sekedar usul, saya rasa ada baiknya board kesehatan diperluas khusus mengenai bagian Pengobatan Timur.
Lirik papa Bond
sebagai momod.. 155
Video Game / Xiang Qi / Chinese Chess
« on: 09 October 2008, 07:00:01 PM »
Dulu saya pernah janji ama bro Felix untuk menguraikan cara memainkan permainan ini.
Kebetulan permainan ini ada juga di Viwawa Online, dengan nama Dynasti Chess
Xiang Qi adalah sejenis permainan catur cina (chinese chess).
Konon permainan ini lahir karena sesuai dengan sejarah cina yang berkaitan dengan pertempuran antara Liu Bang dan Xiang Yu.
Permainan ini mirip dengan catur biasa, dan papan berserta bidak yang digunakan sesuai dengan gambar berikut ini
Pengenalan Karakter dan Cara Memainkannya
1.
Jiang / Shuai (Jendral) dalam hal ini berfungsi sebagai Raja
Bidak Raja hanya bisa berjalan di dalam 4 kotak dengan garis miring yang saling bersilangan, dengan dilindungi oleh 2 penasehat
Cara menggerakannya adalah hanya bisa digerakan 1 langkah, baik itu ke kiri, kanan, atas, atau bawah, dan tidak bisa diagonal.
2.
Shi (Penasehat)
Bidak Penasehat sama hal nya dengan bidak raja, hanya bisa berjalan di dalam lingkungan 4 kotak tersebut, dengan catatan cara
menggerakannya adalah 1 langkah diagonal
3.
Xiang (Gajah / Mentri)
Bidak Gajah ini pola geraknya juga mirip bidak Menteri pada catur biasa, yaitu berjalan secara diagonal. Bedanya, bidak gajah ini hanya bisa berjalan 4 kotak saja secara diagonal dan tidak boleh melewati sungai(pembatas) / tidak boleh memasuki wilayah musuh
4.
Ma (Kuda)
Bidak Kuda ini pola geraknya juga mirip bidak Kuda pada catur biasa, yaitu berjalan dengan langkah menyerupai huruf L. Tetapi ada perbedaan yang signifikan, yaitu bidak kuda pada xiang qi tidak bisa bergerak bila ada 1 bidak di depannya.
atau
5.
Ju (Benteng)
Bidak Benteng ini pola geraknya sama persis dengan bidak Benteng yang ada pada catur biasa, yaitu bergerak dan membunuh musuh dengan langkah horizontal / vertikal.
6.
Pao (Meriam)
Bidak ini paling istimewa di Xiang Qi, karena tidak ada pada catur biasa. Bidak ini digerakan menyerupai bidak benteng, yaitu bergerak dengan langkah horizontal / vertikal. Tetapi membunuh musuh dengan melompati 1 bidak lain(baik bidak kawan / lawan) dan menuju bidak target.
atau
contoh skak oleh bidak meriam (kebetulan skak mat)
7.
Ping/Zu (Prajurit)
Bidak prajurit ini cara bergeraknya adalah satu langkah ke depan. Dan ketika memasuki area musuh (setelah menyebrangi sungai), bidak prajurit ini bisa bergerak secara horizontal (ke kiri dan ke kanan). Cara membunuh sama juga dengan dengan cara bergeraknya.
Kebetulan permainan ini ada juga di Viwawa Online, dengan nama Dynasti Chess
Xiang Qi adalah sejenis permainan catur cina (chinese chess).
Konon permainan ini lahir karena sesuai dengan sejarah cina yang berkaitan dengan pertempuran antara Liu Bang dan Xiang Yu.
Permainan ini mirip dengan catur biasa, dan papan berserta bidak yang digunakan sesuai dengan gambar berikut ini
Pengenalan Karakter dan Cara Memainkannya
1.
Jiang / Shuai (Jendral) dalam hal ini berfungsi sebagai Raja
Bidak Raja hanya bisa berjalan di dalam 4 kotak dengan garis miring yang saling bersilangan, dengan dilindungi oleh 2 penasehat
Cara menggerakannya adalah hanya bisa digerakan 1 langkah, baik itu ke kiri, kanan, atas, atau bawah, dan tidak bisa diagonal.
2.
Shi (Penasehat)
Bidak Penasehat sama hal nya dengan bidak raja, hanya bisa berjalan di dalam lingkungan 4 kotak tersebut, dengan catatan cara
menggerakannya adalah 1 langkah diagonal
3.
Xiang (Gajah / Mentri)
Bidak Gajah ini pola geraknya juga mirip bidak Menteri pada catur biasa, yaitu berjalan secara diagonal. Bedanya, bidak gajah ini hanya bisa berjalan 4 kotak saja secara diagonal dan tidak boleh melewati sungai(pembatas) / tidak boleh memasuki wilayah musuh
4.
Ma (Kuda)
Bidak Kuda ini pola geraknya juga mirip bidak Kuda pada catur biasa, yaitu berjalan dengan langkah menyerupai huruf L. Tetapi ada perbedaan yang signifikan, yaitu bidak kuda pada xiang qi tidak bisa bergerak bila ada 1 bidak di depannya.
atau
5.
Ju (Benteng)
Bidak Benteng ini pola geraknya sama persis dengan bidak Benteng yang ada pada catur biasa, yaitu bergerak dan membunuh musuh dengan langkah horizontal / vertikal.
6.
Pao (Meriam)
Bidak ini paling istimewa di Xiang Qi, karena tidak ada pada catur biasa. Bidak ini digerakan menyerupai bidak benteng, yaitu bergerak dengan langkah horizontal / vertikal. Tetapi membunuh musuh dengan melompati 1 bidak lain(baik bidak kawan / lawan) dan menuju bidak target.
atau
contoh skak oleh bidak meriam (kebetulan skak mat)
7.
Ping/Zu (Prajurit)
Bidak prajurit ini cara bergeraknya adalah satu langkah ke depan. Dan ketika memasuki area musuh (setelah menyebrangi sungai), bidak prajurit ini bisa bergerak secara horizontal (ke kiri dan ke kanan). Cara membunuh sama juga dengan dengan cara bergeraknya.
156
Kesehatan / [PUBLIC] Acupuncture Reducing Hot Flashes in Breast Cancer Survivors
« on: 09 October 2008, 06:17:43 PM »
September 26, 2008 — In a small clinical trial involving 47 patients, acupuncture was found to be as effective as conventional drug therapy in relieving vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer patients who were taking tamoxifen or the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (Arimidex; AstraZeneca).
Presenting the results at the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) 50th Annual Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, lead author Eleanor Walker, MD, from the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, explained that hot flashes are a very common problem in this patient population, affecting up to 80% of breast cancer survivors.
"Our study shows that physicians and patients have an additional therapy for something that affects the majority of breast cancer survivors and actually has benefits, as opposed to more side effects," Dr. Walker commented. The effect from acupuncture is more durable vs the drug and, ultimately, is more cost effective for insurance companies, she said in a statement.
Women taking part in this trial had at least 14 hot flashes per week, and the drug used was the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant venlafaxine (Effexor; Wyeth), which is commonly used for these symptoms, Dr. Walker said. Participants were asked to keep a daily log of hot flashes for 1 week before treatment, during the 12-week treatment course, and then at regular intervals during the subsequent year.
Both groups reported a similar and significant decrease in hot flashes. There was also a significant decrease in other menopausal symptoms, in quality-of-life measures, and in depressive symptoms in both groups. "These changes were similar in the 2 groups, indicating that acupuncture is at least as effective as venlafaxine in reducing the vasomotor and other symptoms associated with antiestrogen hormonal treatment of breast cancer," Dr. Walker reported.
However, there was a big difference between the 2 groups in adverse events reported. "Numerous patients treated with venlafaxine reported negative side effects, including nausea, dry mouth, headache, difficulty sleeping, dizziness, double vision, increased blood pressure, constipation, fatigue, anxiety, feeling 'spaced out,' and body jerking during the night," the researchers said.
In contrast, women treated with acupuncture reported no negative adverse effects and reported positive effects, such as increased energy, clarity of thought, sexual desire, and overall sense of well-being vs pretreatment levels.
The results of this study suggest that adding acupuncture to breast cancer treatment regimens establishes an integrative approach that is more effective in managing symptoms because it has fewer adverse effects than conventional pharmacotherapy, the researchers concluded.
Lack of Appropriate Control Group
"Acupuncture is relatively safe, without significant side effects, and I see no reason why a woman should not try it if she wants to," said Nancy Avis, PhD, director of the Cancer Control Program at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. "However, more research needs to be done to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms," she told Medscape Oncology.
Previous studies have shown a large placebo effect with treatments for vasomotor symptoms, and these symptoms tend to decline with time, Dr. Avis pointed out. "Without a usual-care group, a nontreatment group, or a group that controls for attention [to hot flashes], it was not possible to determine [the degree to which] the reduction in hot flashes in the acupuncture group was due to acupuncture, time, or the placebo effect," she said.
However, finding an appropriate control group is a particular challenge in the area of mind-body interventions, Dr. Avis wrote in a recent editorial in the Journal of Clinical Oncology about the search for nonhormonal treatments of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors.
The editorial was prompted by a study, published in the same issue, by Gary Elkins, PhD, from the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, and colleagues. It showed that hypnosis was useful and better than no treatment in these patients. Sixty women who were randomized to receive 5 weekly sessions of hypnosis reported a 62% reduction in hot flashes as well as reductions in sleep problems, anxiety, and depression. This reduction is "impressive," Dr. Avis said, especially because the no-treatment group reported little improvement.
However, both the hypnosis and the acupuncture studies have the same limitation — the lack of a placebo control, Dr. Avis commented. This is also true of previous studies showing benefit from yoga, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation training. "A substantial placebo effect found in other studies of hot flashes suggests that attention alone or expectancies on the part of study participants may be sufficient to reduce hot flashes," she writes.
Despite the challenge in proving benefits from these mind-body interventions, it is important to continue investigating these approaches, Dr. Avis said. They convey minimal or no risk, have no adverse effects, and are generally low cost.
Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are increasingly being used in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer, and these drugs should be continued for years. But many women stop taking them because of hot flashes and related symptoms. Mind-body approaches offer potentially safe and effective interventions for these symptoms and are particularly appropriate for breast cancers survivors, said Dr. Avis.
The researchers have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) 50th Annual Meeting: Abstract 228. Presented on September 24, 2008.
J Clin Oncol. Published online before print September 22, 2008.
Pearls for Practice
* In a small clinical trial, acupuncture was as effective as venlafaxine in ameliorating vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer patients who are taking tamoxifen or anastrozole. Both treatment groups had a similar and significant decrease in hot flashes, other menopausal symptoms, and depressive symptoms, and improvement in quality-of-life measures.
* Tolerability was much better with acupuncture vs venlafaxine. With drug therapy, many patients reported nausea, dry mouth, headache, difficulty sleeping, dizziness, diplopia, increased blood pressure, constipation, fatigue, anxiety, disorientation, and nocturnal myoclonus. Women treated with acupuncture reported no negative adverse effects and reported positive effects including increased energy, clarity of thought, sexual desire, and overall sense of well-being.
Presenting the results at the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) 50th Annual Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, lead author Eleanor Walker, MD, from the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, explained that hot flashes are a very common problem in this patient population, affecting up to 80% of breast cancer survivors.
"Our study shows that physicians and patients have an additional therapy for something that affects the majority of breast cancer survivors and actually has benefits, as opposed to more side effects," Dr. Walker commented. The effect from acupuncture is more durable vs the drug and, ultimately, is more cost effective for insurance companies, she said in a statement.
Women taking part in this trial had at least 14 hot flashes per week, and the drug used was the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant venlafaxine (Effexor; Wyeth), which is commonly used for these symptoms, Dr. Walker said. Participants were asked to keep a daily log of hot flashes for 1 week before treatment, during the 12-week treatment course, and then at regular intervals during the subsequent year.
Both groups reported a similar and significant decrease in hot flashes. There was also a significant decrease in other menopausal symptoms, in quality-of-life measures, and in depressive symptoms in both groups. "These changes were similar in the 2 groups, indicating that acupuncture is at least as effective as venlafaxine in reducing the vasomotor and other symptoms associated with antiestrogen hormonal treatment of breast cancer," Dr. Walker reported.
However, there was a big difference between the 2 groups in adverse events reported. "Numerous patients treated with venlafaxine reported negative side effects, including nausea, dry mouth, headache, difficulty sleeping, dizziness, double vision, increased blood pressure, constipation, fatigue, anxiety, feeling 'spaced out,' and body jerking during the night," the researchers said.
In contrast, women treated with acupuncture reported no negative adverse effects and reported positive effects, such as increased energy, clarity of thought, sexual desire, and overall sense of well-being vs pretreatment levels.
The results of this study suggest that adding acupuncture to breast cancer treatment regimens establishes an integrative approach that is more effective in managing symptoms because it has fewer adverse effects than conventional pharmacotherapy, the researchers concluded.
Lack of Appropriate Control Group
"Acupuncture is relatively safe, without significant side effects, and I see no reason why a woman should not try it if she wants to," said Nancy Avis, PhD, director of the Cancer Control Program at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. "However, more research needs to be done to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms," she told Medscape Oncology.
Previous studies have shown a large placebo effect with treatments for vasomotor symptoms, and these symptoms tend to decline with time, Dr. Avis pointed out. "Without a usual-care group, a nontreatment group, or a group that controls for attention [to hot flashes], it was not possible to determine [the degree to which] the reduction in hot flashes in the acupuncture group was due to acupuncture, time, or the placebo effect," she said.
However, finding an appropriate control group is a particular challenge in the area of mind-body interventions, Dr. Avis wrote in a recent editorial in the Journal of Clinical Oncology about the search for nonhormonal treatments of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors.
The editorial was prompted by a study, published in the same issue, by Gary Elkins, PhD, from the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, and colleagues. It showed that hypnosis was useful and better than no treatment in these patients. Sixty women who were randomized to receive 5 weekly sessions of hypnosis reported a 62% reduction in hot flashes as well as reductions in sleep problems, anxiety, and depression. This reduction is "impressive," Dr. Avis said, especially because the no-treatment group reported little improvement.
However, both the hypnosis and the acupuncture studies have the same limitation — the lack of a placebo control, Dr. Avis commented. This is also true of previous studies showing benefit from yoga, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation training. "A substantial placebo effect found in other studies of hot flashes suggests that attention alone or expectancies on the part of study participants may be sufficient to reduce hot flashes," she writes.
Despite the challenge in proving benefits from these mind-body interventions, it is important to continue investigating these approaches, Dr. Avis said. They convey minimal or no risk, have no adverse effects, and are generally low cost.
Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are increasingly being used in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer, and these drugs should be continued for years. But many women stop taking them because of hot flashes and related symptoms. Mind-body approaches offer potentially safe and effective interventions for these symptoms and are particularly appropriate for breast cancers survivors, said Dr. Avis.
The researchers have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) 50th Annual Meeting: Abstract 228. Presented on September 24, 2008.
J Clin Oncol. Published online before print September 22, 2008.
Pearls for Practice
* In a small clinical trial, acupuncture was as effective as venlafaxine in ameliorating vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer patients who are taking tamoxifen or anastrozole. Both treatment groups had a similar and significant decrease in hot flashes, other menopausal symptoms, and depressive symptoms, and improvement in quality-of-life measures.
* Tolerability was much better with acupuncture vs venlafaxine. With drug therapy, many patients reported nausea, dry mouth, headache, difficulty sleeping, dizziness, diplopia, increased blood pressure, constipation, fatigue, anxiety, disorientation, and nocturnal myoclonus. Women treated with acupuncture reported no negative adverse effects and reported positive effects including increased energy, clarity of thought, sexual desire, and overall sense of well-being.
157
Kesehatan / [PUBLIC] Eating Dark Chocolate Reduces CRP
« on: 09 October 2008, 06:14:09 AM »
September 30 — A new Italian study has shown, for the first time, that consuming moderate amounts of dark chocolate can significantly reduce levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [1]. Dr Romina di Giuseppe (Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy) and colleagues report their findings in the October 2008 issue of the Journal of Nutrition.
The results are the first to come out of a large epidemiological study, the Moli-sani Project, which is aiming to recruit 25,000 individuals living in the Molise region of Italy to investigate environmental and genetic factors responsible for cardiovascular disease and cancers.
"The reduction induced by moderate consumption of dark chocolate corresponds in clinical terms to a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease," senior author Dr Licia Iacoviello (Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy) told heartwire. "The lowering of CRP that we saw corresponds to a shift from medium risk of cardiovascular disease to low risk and is the first time an association between consumption of dark chocolate and inflammation has been found in a population study," she added.
But don't eat too much
Of 4849 subjects in good health and free of risk factors in the Moli-sani Project, the researchers identified 1317 who did not eat any chocolate and 824 people who ate dark chocolate regularly. They related the levels of CRP in their blood to their usual chocolate intake.
After adjustment for age, sex, social status, physical activity, systolic blood pressure (BP), body-mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, food groups, and total energy intake, dark-chocolate consumption was inversely associated with CRP (p=0.038). Mean serum CRP concentrations were 1.32 mg/L in nonconsumers of dark chocolate and 1.10 mg/L in those who ate dark chocolate (p<0.0001).
The 17% average reduction observed may appear small, but it is enough to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease for one-third in women and one-fourth in men, the researchers say.
But they stress that a J-shaped curve was observed between dark-chocolate consumption and CRP concentrations: those who ate up to 1 serving (20 g) every 3 days had CRP concentrations significantly lower than those who ate none or those who ate larger amounts.
This moderate amount corresponds to a small square of chocolate two or three times a week, the researchers note, stressing that, beyond these amounts, the beneficial effect tends to disappear. "If you increase the consumption, the protection is lost, similar to the effects of wine," Iacoviello said.
"It could be that if you increase the amount of chocolate by too much, the increase in lipids and calories overcomes the effects of the antioxidants," she speculates.
The present study adds to previous work that has shown that moderate amounts of dark chocolate appear to have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, the researchers note, and "adds new insight into the relationship between flavonoid-rich foods, inflammation, and cardiovascular protection."
Nevertheless, "additional studies are necessary to explain the mechanisms linking dark-chocolate consumption and regulation of serum CRP concentrations," they conclude.
The authors have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. The Moli-sani Project is supported by research grants from Pfizer Foundation (Rome).
Source
1. Di Giuseppe R, di Castelnuovo A, Centritto F et al. Regular consumption of dark chocolate is associated with low serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in a healthy Italian population. J Nutr 2008; 138: 1939-1945
The results are the first to come out of a large epidemiological study, the Moli-sani Project, which is aiming to recruit 25,000 individuals living in the Molise region of Italy to investigate environmental and genetic factors responsible for cardiovascular disease and cancers.
"The reduction induced by moderate consumption of dark chocolate corresponds in clinical terms to a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease," senior author Dr Licia Iacoviello (Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy) told heartwire. "The lowering of CRP that we saw corresponds to a shift from medium risk of cardiovascular disease to low risk and is the first time an association between consumption of dark chocolate and inflammation has been found in a population study," she added.
But don't eat too much
Of 4849 subjects in good health and free of risk factors in the Moli-sani Project, the researchers identified 1317 who did not eat any chocolate and 824 people who ate dark chocolate regularly. They related the levels of CRP in their blood to their usual chocolate intake.
After adjustment for age, sex, social status, physical activity, systolic blood pressure (BP), body-mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, food groups, and total energy intake, dark-chocolate consumption was inversely associated with CRP (p=0.038). Mean serum CRP concentrations were 1.32 mg/L in nonconsumers of dark chocolate and 1.10 mg/L in those who ate dark chocolate (p<0.0001).
The 17% average reduction observed may appear small, but it is enough to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease for one-third in women and one-fourth in men, the researchers say.
But they stress that a J-shaped curve was observed between dark-chocolate consumption and CRP concentrations: those who ate up to 1 serving (20 g) every 3 days had CRP concentrations significantly lower than those who ate none or those who ate larger amounts.
This moderate amount corresponds to a small square of chocolate two or three times a week, the researchers note, stressing that, beyond these amounts, the beneficial effect tends to disappear. "If you increase the consumption, the protection is lost, similar to the effects of wine," Iacoviello said.
"It could be that if you increase the amount of chocolate by too much, the increase in lipids and calories overcomes the effects of the antioxidants," she speculates.
The present study adds to previous work that has shown that moderate amounts of dark chocolate appear to have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, the researchers note, and "adds new insight into the relationship between flavonoid-rich foods, inflammation, and cardiovascular protection."
Nevertheless, "additional studies are necessary to explain the mechanisms linking dark-chocolate consumption and regulation of serum CRP concentrations," they conclude.
The authors have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. The Moli-sani Project is supported by research grants from Pfizer Foundation (Rome).
Source
1. Di Giuseppe R, di Castelnuovo A, Centritto F et al. Regular consumption of dark chocolate is associated with low serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in a healthy Italian population. J Nutr 2008; 138: 1939-1945
158
Waroeng Mandarin / ??? - wàng le ài - To Forget Love
« on: 05 October 2008, 09:49:28 PM »
Hehe.. tiba2 teringat pada lagu jadul ini.. 
靜靜的試著 忘了愛
靜靜的試著 忘了愛
159
Kesehatan / [PUBLIC] Paracetamol Linked to Risk for Asthma, Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Eczema
« on: 02 October 2008, 08:10:40 AM »
Source : Medscape Publication
September 22, 2008 — Use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) during the first year of life and in later childhood may increase the risk for asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema at ages 6 to 7 years, according to the results of phase 3 of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) program reported in the September 20 issue of The Lancet.
"Exposure to paracetamol during intrauterine life, childhood, and adult life may increase the risk of developing asthma," write Richard Beasley, from the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, and colleagues from the ISAAC Phase 3 Study Group. "We studied 6–7-year-old children from Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) programme to investigate the association between paracetamol consumption and asthma."
ISAAC took place at 73 centers in 31 countries. Parents or guardians of 205,487 children aged 6 to 7 years completed written questionnaires regarding symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in the children as well as exposure to several risk factors, including paracetamol use for fever in the child's first year of life and the frequency of paracetamol use in the previous 12 months. The main endpoint was the odds ratio (OR) of asthma symptoms in these children linked to paracetamol use for fever in the first year of life, calculated by logistic regression.
Multivariate analyses revealed that use of paracetamol for fever in the first year of life was linked to increased risk for asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years (OR, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 - 1.56). The risk for asthma symptoms increased in a dose-dependent fashion with current use of paracetamol (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46 - 1.77 for medium use vs no use; and OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.91 - 3.60 for high use vs no use).
Population-attributable risks for severe asthma symptoms associated with use of paracetamol ranged from 22% to 38%. In the first year of life as well as at ages 6 to 7 years, paracetamol use was also associated with an increased risk for symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema.
"Use of paracetamol in the first year of life and in later childhood, is associated with risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema at age 6 to 7 years," the study authors write. "We suggest that exposure to paracetamol might be a risk factor for the development of asthma in childhood."
Limitations of this study include questionnaires completed by parents or guardians; retrospectively collected data, possibly causing recall bias; sources of bias arising from translations of the questionnaires into different languages; possible confounding by other factors that determine the risk for the development of childhood asthma or use of paracetamol; and cross-sectional design.
"Overall, this study provides further worldwide evidence that the use of paracetamol in childhood can increase the risk of developing asthma and related allergic disorders," the study authors conclude. "Although causality cannot be established from a study with this design, we suggest that exposure to paracetamol might be an important putative risk factor for the development of asthma. However, evidence is insufficient to advise parents and health-care workers of the risk-benefit of taking paracetamol in childhood, or its comparative efficacy and safety with other approaches."
In an accompanying comment, R. Graham Barr, MD, DrPH, from Columbia University Medical Center in New York, NY, calls this phase 3 study from ISAAC "the largest and most important contribution to date" on the growing evidence concerning paracetamol use and childhood asthma.
"The studies to date are suggestive but not definitive enough to recommend a wholesale change in antipyretic use in children," Dr. Barr writes. "I agree with Beasley that a population-based randomised trial of adequate power and duration to examine childhood asthma incidence, with paracetamol compared with an active control such as ibuprofen and placebo, is warranted. In view of the heterogeneous nature of asthma, the pharmacogenetics of such a study is likely to be fascinating."
The BUPA Foundation, the Health Research Council of New Zealand, the Asthma and Respiratory Foundation of New Zealand, the Hawke's Bay Medical Research Foundation, the Waikato Medical Research Foundation, Glaxo Wellcome New Zealand, the New Zealand Lottery Board, AstraZeneca New Zealand, and Glaxo Wellcome International Medical Affairs supported this study. Dr. Beasley has disclosed various financial relationships with GlaxoSmithKline, the maker of paracetamol. The other study authors have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Dr. Barr has been funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation on a project about acetaminophen, inflammation, and asthma.
Lancet. 2008;372:1011-1012, 1039-1048.
Learning Objectives for This Educational Activity
Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:
1. Report whether paracetemol use in the first year of life is associated with a higher risk for asthma symptoms in childhood.
2. Report whether paracetemol use in the first year of life and at ages 6 to 7 years is associated with a higher risk for rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in childhood.
Clinical Context
Paracetamol or acetaminophen use has been proposed to play a role in the development of asthma. Lesko and colleagues reported in the February 2002 issue of Pediatrics that children with asthma had a higher risk for asthma-related outpatient visits linked with acetaminophen vs ibuprofen use.
In the January 2005 issue of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ellwood and colleagues described phase 3 of the multicenter, cross-sectional ISAAC, which involved children aged 6 to 7 years and children aged 13 to 14 years.
This study uses the ISAAC results from the 6-to 7-year age group to assess whether acetaminophen use in the first year of life or ages 6 to 7 years is linked with asthma symptoms, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema at ages 6 to 7 years.
Study Highlights
* Data were available for 205,487 children aged 6 to 7 years from 73 centers in 31 countries.
* Exclusion criteria were centers that had data for fewer than 1000 subjects and response rate less than 60%.
* Parents completed a prevalence questionnaire about symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema and an environmental questionnaire about protective and risk factors for the development of asthma and allergic disorders.
* Questionnaire data included frequency of paracetemol use in the first 12 months of life and in the past 12 months; a history of wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months; sneezing, runny nose, or blocked nose aside from cold or influenza; itchy, watery eyes; or intermittent itchy skin rash in typical eczematous areas for at least 6 months.
* Severe asthma was defined as at least 4 wheezing attacks, at least 1 night per week of sleep disturbance from wheezing; or wheezing affecting speech in the past 12 months.
* Analyses were adjusted for sex, region, language, and gross national income.
* Multivariate analysis adjusted for covariates: maternal education, antibiotic use in the first year of life, ever breast-fed, parental smoking, current diet, and siblings.
* Primary outcome measure showed an association between paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life and increased risk for asthma symptoms at age 6 to 7 years (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.36 - 1.56).
* Current paracetemol use (in the past 12 months) had a dose-dependent link to a higher risk for asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years (OR for at least once-a-month use, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.91 - 3.60 vs OR for once-a-year use, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46 - 1.77).
* Higher risk for severe asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years had a dose-dependent link with paracetemol use in the first year (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.30 - 1.58) and paracetemol use at ages 6 to 7 years.
* Paracetemol use in the first year of life was associated with a dose-dependent increased risk for rhinoconjunctivitis (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.38 - 1.60) and eczema (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.26 - 1.45) at ages 6 to 7 years.
* There were no differences in findings between boys and girls.
* Limitations of the study included retrospective and cross-sectional design and that most infants have an indication to take paracetemol for fever in the first year of life.
Pearls for Practice
* Paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life is associated with a greater risk for asthma and severe asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years.
* Paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life or at ages 6 to 7 years is associated with a greater risk for rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema at ages 6 to 7 years.
Paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life is most likely to be associated with which of the following outcomes at ages 6 to 7 years?
Lower risk for both asthma symptoms and severe asthma symptoms
Higher risk for both asthma symptoms and severe asthma symptoms
Higher risk for asthma symptoms and lower risk for severe asthma symptoms
Lower risk for asthma symptoms and higher risk for severe asthma symptoms
A 9-month-old infant is given paracetemol for fever, and a 6-year-old child also is given paracetemol for fever. Both children are most likely to have which of the following outcomes at ages 6 to 7 years?
Higher risk for eczema
Lower risk for rhinoconjunctivitis
No effect on risk for rhinoconjunctivitis
No effect on risk for eczema
Instructions for Participation and Credit
There are no fees for participating in or receiving credit for this online educational activity. For information on applicability and acceptance of continuing education credit for this activity, please consult your professional licensing board.
This activity is designed to be completed within the time designated on the title page; physicians should claim only those credits that reflect the time actually spent in the activity. To successfully earn credit, participants must complete the activity online during the valid credit period that is noted on the title page.
FOLLOW THESE STEPS TO EARN CME/CE CREDIT*:
1. Read the target audience, learning objectives, and author disclosures.
2. Study the educational content online or printed out.
3. Online, choose the best answer to each test question. To receive a certificate, you must receive a passing score as designated at the top of the test. Medscape encourages you to complete the Activity Evaluation to provide feedback for future programming.
You may now view or print the certificate from your CME/CE Tracker. You may print the certificate but you cannot alter it. Credits will be tallied in your CME/CE Tracker and archived for 5 years; at any point within this time period you can print out the tally as well as the certificates by accessing "Edit Your Profile" at the top of your Medscape homepage.
*The credit that you receive is based on your user profile.
Target Audience
This article is intended for primary care clinicians, allergists, pulmonologists, dermatologists, infectious disease specialists, and other specialists who provide care to children with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema.
Goal
The goal of this activity is to provide medical news to primary care clinicians and other healthcare professionals in order to enhance patient care.
Accreditation Statements
For Physicians
Medscape
Medscape, LLC is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
Medscape, LLC designates this educational activity for a maximum of 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Medscape Medical News has filed an application for up to 350 Prescribed credits by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
AAFP Accreditation Questions
For questions regarding the content of this activity, contact the accredited provider for this CME/CE activity: CME [at] medscape.net. For technical assistance, contact CME [at] webmd.net.
For Nurses
Medscape is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.
Awarded 0.25 contact hour(s) of continuing nursing education for RNs and APNs; 0.25 contact hours are in the area of pharmacology.
Authors and Disclosures
As an organization accredited by the ACCME, Medscape, LLC requires everyone who is in a position to control the content of an education activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest. The ACCME defines "relevant financial relationships" as financial relationships in any amount, occurring within the past 12 months, including financial relationships of a spouse or life partner, that could create a conflict of interest.
Medscape, LLC encourages Authors to identify investigational products or off-label uses of products regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, at first mention and where appropriate in the content.
News Author
Laurie Barclay, MD
is a freelance reviewer and writer for Medscape.
Disclosure: Laurie Barclay, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
CME Author
Penny Murata, MD
is a freelancer for Medscape.
Disclosure: Penny Murata, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Clinical Reviewer
Laurie E. Scudder, MS, NP-C
Nurse Planner, Medscape; Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Curriculum Coordinator, Nurse Practitioner Alternatives, Inc., Ellicott City; Nurse Practitioner, Baltimore City School-Based Health Centers, Baltimore, Maryland
Disclosure: Laurie Scudder, MS, NP-C, has disclosed no relevant financial information.
Brande Nicole Martin
is the News CME editor for Medscape Medical News.
Disclosure: Brande Nicole Martin has disclosed no relevant financial information.
September 22, 2008 — Use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) during the first year of life and in later childhood may increase the risk for asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema at ages 6 to 7 years, according to the results of phase 3 of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) program reported in the September 20 issue of The Lancet.
"Exposure to paracetamol during intrauterine life, childhood, and adult life may increase the risk of developing asthma," write Richard Beasley, from the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, and colleagues from the ISAAC Phase 3 Study Group. "We studied 6–7-year-old children from Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) programme to investigate the association between paracetamol consumption and asthma."
ISAAC took place at 73 centers in 31 countries. Parents or guardians of 205,487 children aged 6 to 7 years completed written questionnaires regarding symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in the children as well as exposure to several risk factors, including paracetamol use for fever in the child's first year of life and the frequency of paracetamol use in the previous 12 months. The main endpoint was the odds ratio (OR) of asthma symptoms in these children linked to paracetamol use for fever in the first year of life, calculated by logistic regression.
Multivariate analyses revealed that use of paracetamol for fever in the first year of life was linked to increased risk for asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years (OR, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 - 1.56). The risk for asthma symptoms increased in a dose-dependent fashion with current use of paracetamol (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46 - 1.77 for medium use vs no use; and OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.91 - 3.60 for high use vs no use).
Population-attributable risks for severe asthma symptoms associated with use of paracetamol ranged from 22% to 38%. In the first year of life as well as at ages 6 to 7 years, paracetamol use was also associated with an increased risk for symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema.
"Use of paracetamol in the first year of life and in later childhood, is associated with risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema at age 6 to 7 years," the study authors write. "We suggest that exposure to paracetamol might be a risk factor for the development of asthma in childhood."
Limitations of this study include questionnaires completed by parents or guardians; retrospectively collected data, possibly causing recall bias; sources of bias arising from translations of the questionnaires into different languages; possible confounding by other factors that determine the risk for the development of childhood asthma or use of paracetamol; and cross-sectional design.
"Overall, this study provides further worldwide evidence that the use of paracetamol in childhood can increase the risk of developing asthma and related allergic disorders," the study authors conclude. "Although causality cannot be established from a study with this design, we suggest that exposure to paracetamol might be an important putative risk factor for the development of asthma. However, evidence is insufficient to advise parents and health-care workers of the risk-benefit of taking paracetamol in childhood, or its comparative efficacy and safety with other approaches."
In an accompanying comment, R. Graham Barr, MD, DrPH, from Columbia University Medical Center in New York, NY, calls this phase 3 study from ISAAC "the largest and most important contribution to date" on the growing evidence concerning paracetamol use and childhood asthma.
"The studies to date are suggestive but not definitive enough to recommend a wholesale change in antipyretic use in children," Dr. Barr writes. "I agree with Beasley that a population-based randomised trial of adequate power and duration to examine childhood asthma incidence, with paracetamol compared with an active control such as ibuprofen and placebo, is warranted. In view of the heterogeneous nature of asthma, the pharmacogenetics of such a study is likely to be fascinating."
The BUPA Foundation, the Health Research Council of New Zealand, the Asthma and Respiratory Foundation of New Zealand, the Hawke's Bay Medical Research Foundation, the Waikato Medical Research Foundation, Glaxo Wellcome New Zealand, the New Zealand Lottery Board, AstraZeneca New Zealand, and Glaxo Wellcome International Medical Affairs supported this study. Dr. Beasley has disclosed various financial relationships with GlaxoSmithKline, the maker of paracetamol. The other study authors have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Dr. Barr has been funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation on a project about acetaminophen, inflammation, and asthma.
Lancet. 2008;372:1011-1012, 1039-1048.
Learning Objectives for This Educational Activity
Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:
1. Report whether paracetemol use in the first year of life is associated with a higher risk for asthma symptoms in childhood.
2. Report whether paracetemol use in the first year of life and at ages 6 to 7 years is associated with a higher risk for rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in childhood.
Clinical Context
Paracetamol or acetaminophen use has been proposed to play a role in the development of asthma. Lesko and colleagues reported in the February 2002 issue of Pediatrics that children with asthma had a higher risk for asthma-related outpatient visits linked with acetaminophen vs ibuprofen use.
In the January 2005 issue of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ellwood and colleagues described phase 3 of the multicenter, cross-sectional ISAAC, which involved children aged 6 to 7 years and children aged 13 to 14 years.
This study uses the ISAAC results from the 6-to 7-year age group to assess whether acetaminophen use in the first year of life or ages 6 to 7 years is linked with asthma symptoms, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema at ages 6 to 7 years.
Study Highlights
* Data were available for 205,487 children aged 6 to 7 years from 73 centers in 31 countries.
* Exclusion criteria were centers that had data for fewer than 1000 subjects and response rate less than 60%.
* Parents completed a prevalence questionnaire about symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema and an environmental questionnaire about protective and risk factors for the development of asthma and allergic disorders.
* Questionnaire data included frequency of paracetemol use in the first 12 months of life and in the past 12 months; a history of wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months; sneezing, runny nose, or blocked nose aside from cold or influenza; itchy, watery eyes; or intermittent itchy skin rash in typical eczematous areas for at least 6 months.
* Severe asthma was defined as at least 4 wheezing attacks, at least 1 night per week of sleep disturbance from wheezing; or wheezing affecting speech in the past 12 months.
* Analyses were adjusted for sex, region, language, and gross national income.
* Multivariate analysis adjusted for covariates: maternal education, antibiotic use in the first year of life, ever breast-fed, parental smoking, current diet, and siblings.
* Primary outcome measure showed an association between paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life and increased risk for asthma symptoms at age 6 to 7 years (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.36 - 1.56).
* Current paracetemol use (in the past 12 months) had a dose-dependent link to a higher risk for asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years (OR for at least once-a-month use, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.91 - 3.60 vs OR for once-a-year use, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46 - 1.77).
* Higher risk for severe asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years had a dose-dependent link with paracetemol use in the first year (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.30 - 1.58) and paracetemol use at ages 6 to 7 years.
* Paracetemol use in the first year of life was associated with a dose-dependent increased risk for rhinoconjunctivitis (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.38 - 1.60) and eczema (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.26 - 1.45) at ages 6 to 7 years.
* There were no differences in findings between boys and girls.
* Limitations of the study included retrospective and cross-sectional design and that most infants have an indication to take paracetemol for fever in the first year of life.
Pearls for Practice
* Paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life is associated with a greater risk for asthma and severe asthma symptoms at ages 6 to 7 years.
* Paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life or at ages 6 to 7 years is associated with a greater risk for rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema at ages 6 to 7 years.
Paracetemol use for fever in the first year of life is most likely to be associated with which of the following outcomes at ages 6 to 7 years?
Lower risk for both asthma symptoms and severe asthma symptoms
Higher risk for both asthma symptoms and severe asthma symptoms
Higher risk for asthma symptoms and lower risk for severe asthma symptoms
Lower risk for asthma symptoms and higher risk for severe asthma symptoms
A 9-month-old infant is given paracetemol for fever, and a 6-year-old child also is given paracetemol for fever. Both children are most likely to have which of the following outcomes at ages 6 to 7 years?
Higher risk for eczema
Lower risk for rhinoconjunctivitis
No effect on risk for rhinoconjunctivitis
No effect on risk for eczema
Instructions for Participation and Credit
There are no fees for participating in or receiving credit for this online educational activity. For information on applicability and acceptance of continuing education credit for this activity, please consult your professional licensing board.
This activity is designed to be completed within the time designated on the title page; physicians should claim only those credits that reflect the time actually spent in the activity. To successfully earn credit, participants must complete the activity online during the valid credit period that is noted on the title page.
FOLLOW THESE STEPS TO EARN CME/CE CREDIT*:
1. Read the target audience, learning objectives, and author disclosures.
2. Study the educational content online or printed out.
3. Online, choose the best answer to each test question. To receive a certificate, you must receive a passing score as designated at the top of the test. Medscape encourages you to complete the Activity Evaluation to provide feedback for future programming.
You may now view or print the certificate from your CME/CE Tracker. You may print the certificate but you cannot alter it. Credits will be tallied in your CME/CE Tracker and archived for 5 years; at any point within this time period you can print out the tally as well as the certificates by accessing "Edit Your Profile" at the top of your Medscape homepage.
*The credit that you receive is based on your user profile.
Target Audience
This article is intended for primary care clinicians, allergists, pulmonologists, dermatologists, infectious disease specialists, and other specialists who provide care to children with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema.
Goal
The goal of this activity is to provide medical news to primary care clinicians and other healthcare professionals in order to enhance patient care.
Accreditation Statements
For Physicians
Medscape
Medscape, LLC is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
Medscape, LLC designates this educational activity for a maximum of 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Medscape Medical News has filed an application for up to 350 Prescribed credits by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
AAFP Accreditation Questions
For questions regarding the content of this activity, contact the accredited provider for this CME/CE activity: CME [at] medscape.net. For technical assistance, contact CME [at] webmd.net.
For Nurses
Medscape is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.
Awarded 0.25 contact hour(s) of continuing nursing education for RNs and APNs; 0.25 contact hours are in the area of pharmacology.
Authors and Disclosures
As an organization accredited by the ACCME, Medscape, LLC requires everyone who is in a position to control the content of an education activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest. The ACCME defines "relevant financial relationships" as financial relationships in any amount, occurring within the past 12 months, including financial relationships of a spouse or life partner, that could create a conflict of interest.
Medscape, LLC encourages Authors to identify investigational products or off-label uses of products regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, at first mention and where appropriate in the content.
News Author
Laurie Barclay, MD
is a freelance reviewer and writer for Medscape.
Disclosure: Laurie Barclay, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
CME Author
Penny Murata, MD
is a freelancer for Medscape.
Disclosure: Penny Murata, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Clinical Reviewer
Laurie E. Scudder, MS, NP-C
Nurse Planner, Medscape; Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Curriculum Coordinator, Nurse Practitioner Alternatives, Inc., Ellicott City; Nurse Practitioner, Baltimore City School-Based Health Centers, Baltimore, Maryland
Disclosure: Laurie Scudder, MS, NP-C, has disclosed no relevant financial information.
Brande Nicole Martin
is the News CME editor for Medscape Medical News.
Disclosure: Brande Nicole Martin has disclosed no relevant financial information.
160
Lowongan / Lowongan Programmer : PHP + MySQL di Bandung
« on: 01 October 2008, 09:26:40 PM »
Bagi yang berdomisili di Bandung..
Ada lowongan kerja untuk Programmer
- Menguasai PHP + MySQL
- Full Time / Boleh Part Time dengan minimal 20 jam kerja / minggu
- Diutamakan yang mau / sudah berdomisili di Bandung
- Gaji Nego
Bagi yang berminat, silakan kirim CV lengkap dengan pas foto terbaru ke : jeevalands [at] yahoo.com
Ada lowongan kerja untuk Programmer
- Menguasai PHP + MySQL
- Full Time / Boleh Part Time dengan minimal 20 jam kerja / minggu
- Diutamakan yang mau / sudah berdomisili di Bandung
- Gaji Nego
Bagi yang berminat, silakan kirim CV lengkap dengan pas foto terbaru ke : jeevalands [at] yahoo.com
161
Film / DOOR TO DOOR (2002)
« on: 01 October 2008, 03:51:44 PM »
Film ini sudah sangat lama, yaitu tahun 2002. Namun saya post kan di sini untuk bisa menjadi motivasi kita bersama 
Film ini diangkat dari kisah nyata seorang Bill Potter.
CACAT SEJAK LAHIR
Bill Porter seorang pemuda cacat. Waktu ibunya melahirkan Bill, dokter menggunakan alat vacuum yang meleset, sehingga merusak sebagian syaraf otak Bill. Akibatnya dia jalan seperti orang mabuk, tangan kanannya bergantung begitu saja, dan bicaranya pun tidak jelas. Film diawali dengan percakapan antara Bill dan ibunya. Karena Bill tidak bisa memakai dasi sendiri, ibunyalah yang mengerjakan itu. Sambil mematut diri, Mrs. Porter bilang ke anaknya, “Pasti membutuhkan waktu untuk orang-orang mengenalmu. Tapi ingat: sabar dan gigih (patient and persistence)!”Bill memulai pekerjaannya di bulan Oktober 1955 sebagai pedagang berbagai jenis sabun secara door to door. Mamanya mengantar dengan mobil sampai di sudut jalan. Rumah pertama yang dimasukinya langsung ditinggalkannya karena seekor anjing besar menunggunya di sana. Rumah kedua dibuka oleh pria setengah mabuk. Pria ini membanting pintu begitu Bill mulai mengenalkan dirinya. “Semacam orang peminta-minta,” kata laki-laki itu kepada perempuan yang berteriak “siapa itu?” dari dalam. Di rumah ketiga, Bill belum sempat bicara ketika penghuni rumah memulai pertengkaran dengan tetangganya karena pohon kesayangan tetangganya merusak atap rumah mereka.
PANTANG MENYERAH
Tanpa putus asa, Bill berjalan terhuyung-huyung memasuki rumah yang lain. Dia disambut oleh perempuan yang sedang berteriak kepada dua anaknya. Salah seorang anaknya langsung kabur melihat penampilan Bill. Di rumah berikutnya dia masuk dan menjelaskan produk Watkins yang dijualnya. Nyonya rumah menolak membeli, tetapi mengatakan, “Saya menghargai usahamu,” sambil memberi sejumlah uang. Bill bangkit dan berkata, “Saya tidak membutuhkan belas kasihan. Tetapi Anda perlu pembersih untuk sofa Anda yang jorok!”Ny. Sullivan adalah pembeli pertamanya. Dia membayar hampir 50 dolar untuk dua pemutih dan sabun. “Hari ini aku dapat komisi $ 4,25”, Bill bersorak ketika ibunya menjemputnya sore itu. Di rumah, Ny. Porter bilang pada Bill, “Kamu seorang penjual. Ayahmu juga penjual yang berhasil. Dia berprofesi penjual selama 38 tahun. Saya tahu kamu akan berhasil.”
IBU,SANG PEMBERI SEMANGAT
Sangat menarik melihat Ny Porter menyemangati anaknya. Di hari pertama Bill bekerja, Ny. Porter menuliskan dua kata mujarab dengan saus tomat pada roti makan siang Bill: patient and persistence. Dia juga memasangkan dasi dan kancing manset Bill. Hubungan dia dan ibunya juga sangat baik. Setelah beberapa bulan Ny. Porter kena parkinson dan harus tinggal di rumah jompo. Ny. Porter kian murung karena merasa menjadi beban untuk anaknya. “Kalau begitu, kita impas,” seloroh Bill.Bill konsisten dengan profesinya. Ketika syaraf tulang punggung bermasalah karena dia terus menerus menjinjing tas berat, dokter menyuruhnya berhenti menjual. Tapi Bill menolak. Dia menyewa tenaga orang lain. Dalam hal ini, Shelly sungguh berperan dalam hidupnya. Shelly beserta suami dan dua puteri mereka menjadi keluarga baru untuk Bill. Dia memelihara hubungan dengan semua pelanggan. Dia berhasil mendamaikan tetangga yang bertengkar soal pohon cemara. Dia juga memenangkan cinta anak kecil yang pernah takut melihat penampilannya. Sangat jelas digambarkan bagaimana seorang Bill Porter bukan hanya penjual. Dia mampu memperkaya kehidupan orang lain, bahkan dengan pelanggan yang tingkah lakunya aneh dan menyebalkan.
MENJADI INSPIRASI
Pada tahun 1989, Bill Porter meraih penghargaan dari perusahaan Watkins sebagai penjual terbanyak. Dia berhasil menjual produk Watkins sebanyak $ 42.460 dalam setahun. Prestasinya ini melebihi orang-orang muda yang yang berpenampilan normal pada masa itu. Di acara Watkins Annual Gathering, Bill mempersembahkan penghar-gaannya untuk kedua orangtuanya, “Aku suka menjadi penjual. Ayahku juga dulu seorang penjual; dan ibuku mengajariku kesabaran dan kegigihan. Dia takkan membiarkan aku merasa malu….” Bill mengalami depresi ketika cara jual door to door tidak lagi populer. Manajemen baru Watkins memilih menjual lewat iklan di TV, membuat katalog, dan menerima pesanan lewat telepon. Dia meninggalkan tas Watkinsnya di gudang penjualan door to door. Perubahan terjadi ketika anak kecil yang pernah takut padanya (yang sekarang sudah dewasa dan berprofesi sebagai wartawan), menjumpainya dan menulis sejarah keberhasilannya sebagai penjual. Bill tidak suka membaca puji-pujian orang di suratkabar. Tetapi ketika semua orang mengatakan, tulisandi koran itu sangat bagus dan memberi inspirasi, Bill tergugah. Dia menghubungi manajemen Watkins dan kembali menjadi penjual door to door.
MENGAMBIL MAKNA
Banyak hal yang saya pelajari dari film ini, di antaranya adalah:
1. Penting sekali orangtua memberi teladan bagaimana berjuang. Ini membentuk konsep anak mengenai kerja keras.
2. Selain itu, orangtua perlu membangun semangat anak melalui kata-kata, perhatian, dan perbuatan yang baik.
3. Teladan dan kata-kata kita tidak akan lalu begitu saja. Inilah bekal baginya ketika dia dewasa dan menghadapi kehidupannya sendiri.
Film ini diangkat dari kisah nyata seorang Bill Potter.
CACAT SEJAK LAHIR
Bill Porter seorang pemuda cacat. Waktu ibunya melahirkan Bill, dokter menggunakan alat vacuum yang meleset, sehingga merusak sebagian syaraf otak Bill. Akibatnya dia jalan seperti orang mabuk, tangan kanannya bergantung begitu saja, dan bicaranya pun tidak jelas. Film diawali dengan percakapan antara Bill dan ibunya. Karena Bill tidak bisa memakai dasi sendiri, ibunyalah yang mengerjakan itu. Sambil mematut diri, Mrs. Porter bilang ke anaknya, “Pasti membutuhkan waktu untuk orang-orang mengenalmu. Tapi ingat: sabar dan gigih (patient and persistence)!”Bill memulai pekerjaannya di bulan Oktober 1955 sebagai pedagang berbagai jenis sabun secara door to door. Mamanya mengantar dengan mobil sampai di sudut jalan. Rumah pertama yang dimasukinya langsung ditinggalkannya karena seekor anjing besar menunggunya di sana. Rumah kedua dibuka oleh pria setengah mabuk. Pria ini membanting pintu begitu Bill mulai mengenalkan dirinya. “Semacam orang peminta-minta,” kata laki-laki itu kepada perempuan yang berteriak “siapa itu?” dari dalam. Di rumah ketiga, Bill belum sempat bicara ketika penghuni rumah memulai pertengkaran dengan tetangganya karena pohon kesayangan tetangganya merusak atap rumah mereka.
PANTANG MENYERAH
Tanpa putus asa, Bill berjalan terhuyung-huyung memasuki rumah yang lain. Dia disambut oleh perempuan yang sedang berteriak kepada dua anaknya. Salah seorang anaknya langsung kabur melihat penampilan Bill. Di rumah berikutnya dia masuk dan menjelaskan produk Watkins yang dijualnya. Nyonya rumah menolak membeli, tetapi mengatakan, “Saya menghargai usahamu,” sambil memberi sejumlah uang. Bill bangkit dan berkata, “Saya tidak membutuhkan belas kasihan. Tetapi Anda perlu pembersih untuk sofa Anda yang jorok!”Ny. Sullivan adalah pembeli pertamanya. Dia membayar hampir 50 dolar untuk dua pemutih dan sabun. “Hari ini aku dapat komisi $ 4,25”, Bill bersorak ketika ibunya menjemputnya sore itu. Di rumah, Ny. Porter bilang pada Bill, “Kamu seorang penjual. Ayahmu juga penjual yang berhasil. Dia berprofesi penjual selama 38 tahun. Saya tahu kamu akan berhasil.”
IBU,SANG PEMBERI SEMANGAT
Sangat menarik melihat Ny Porter menyemangati anaknya. Di hari pertama Bill bekerja, Ny. Porter menuliskan dua kata mujarab dengan saus tomat pada roti makan siang Bill: patient and persistence. Dia juga memasangkan dasi dan kancing manset Bill. Hubungan dia dan ibunya juga sangat baik. Setelah beberapa bulan Ny. Porter kena parkinson dan harus tinggal di rumah jompo. Ny. Porter kian murung karena merasa menjadi beban untuk anaknya. “Kalau begitu, kita impas,” seloroh Bill.Bill konsisten dengan profesinya. Ketika syaraf tulang punggung bermasalah karena dia terus menerus menjinjing tas berat, dokter menyuruhnya berhenti menjual. Tapi Bill menolak. Dia menyewa tenaga orang lain. Dalam hal ini, Shelly sungguh berperan dalam hidupnya. Shelly beserta suami dan dua puteri mereka menjadi keluarga baru untuk Bill. Dia memelihara hubungan dengan semua pelanggan. Dia berhasil mendamaikan tetangga yang bertengkar soal pohon cemara. Dia juga memenangkan cinta anak kecil yang pernah takut melihat penampilannya. Sangat jelas digambarkan bagaimana seorang Bill Porter bukan hanya penjual. Dia mampu memperkaya kehidupan orang lain, bahkan dengan pelanggan yang tingkah lakunya aneh dan menyebalkan.
MENJADI INSPIRASI
Pada tahun 1989, Bill Porter meraih penghargaan dari perusahaan Watkins sebagai penjual terbanyak. Dia berhasil menjual produk Watkins sebanyak $ 42.460 dalam setahun. Prestasinya ini melebihi orang-orang muda yang yang berpenampilan normal pada masa itu. Di acara Watkins Annual Gathering, Bill mempersembahkan penghar-gaannya untuk kedua orangtuanya, “Aku suka menjadi penjual. Ayahku juga dulu seorang penjual; dan ibuku mengajariku kesabaran dan kegigihan. Dia takkan membiarkan aku merasa malu….” Bill mengalami depresi ketika cara jual door to door tidak lagi populer. Manajemen baru Watkins memilih menjual lewat iklan di TV, membuat katalog, dan menerima pesanan lewat telepon. Dia meninggalkan tas Watkinsnya di gudang penjualan door to door. Perubahan terjadi ketika anak kecil yang pernah takut padanya (yang sekarang sudah dewasa dan berprofesi sebagai wartawan), menjumpainya dan menulis sejarah keberhasilannya sebagai penjual. Bill tidak suka membaca puji-pujian orang di suratkabar. Tetapi ketika semua orang mengatakan, tulisandi koran itu sangat bagus dan memberi inspirasi, Bill tergugah. Dia menghubungi manajemen Watkins dan kembali menjadi penjual door to door.
MENGAMBIL MAKNA
Banyak hal yang saya pelajari dari film ini, di antaranya adalah:
1. Penting sekali orangtua memberi teladan bagaimana berjuang. Ini membentuk konsep anak mengenai kerja keras.
2. Selain itu, orangtua perlu membangun semangat anak melalui kata-kata, perhatian, dan perbuatan yang baik.
3. Teladan dan kata-kata kita tidak akan lalu begitu saja. Inilah bekal baginya ketika dia dewasa dan menghadapi kehidupannya sendiri.
162
Personality / [TEST] D-I-S-C Profile
« on: 30 September 2008, 05:05:51 PM »D
(Dominance)
Seseorang Yang Dominan Karakter D
Cenderung sebagai orang yang cepat dalam mengambil keputusan namun kadangkala keputusannya kurang didukung oleh data-data yang memadai, hal ini terjadi karena dia kurang memperhatikan hal-hal yang bersifat detil, dan kurang bisa bersifat sabar. Orang Tipe ini memiliki EGO yang sangat tinggi dan selalu ingin tampil di depan.
Rekomendasi :
Cocok sebagai Pemimpin, Leader, Manager, Tipe ini hanya dimiliki oleh 3% manusia di Dunia.
I
(Influence)
Seseorang Yang Dominan Karakter I
Cenderung sebagai orang yang yang penuh percaya diri dia mampu meyakinkan dan memaksa orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu, hal ini sangat didukung oleh keterampilan dalam berkomunikasi dan keberanian dalam mengambil keputusan.
Rekomendasi :
Cocok sebagai Marketing, Motivator, Presenter, Negosiator. Lebih senang bekeraja di luar ruangan
S
(Steadiness)
Seseorang Yang Dominan Karakter S
Cenderung sebagai orang yang sabar, bisa menjadi pengikut yang loyal sepajang sesuai dengan tujuan-tujuan yang ingin dicapainya, akan berprestasi optimal jika dia bekerja dalam situasi yang aman, tidak banyak pergolakan dan perubahan. Adanya pergolakan dan perubahan menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman pada yang bersangkutan.
Rekomendasi :
Cocok sebagai Staf, Administrasi, Dan Orang tipe ini sangat suka bekerja dalam suasana yang Aman. Tidak terlalu banyak tuntutan.
C
(Compliance)
Seseorang Yang Dominan Karakter C
Cenderung sebagai seorang yang mengharapkan kesempurnaan baik dalam kehidupan pribadi maupun aktivitas bisnis. Akurasi, detil, sabar adalah sifat yang menonjol pada orang ini. Dia dapat diandalkan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang menuntut ketelitian dan standard kualitas yang tinggi.
Rekomendasi :
Cocok sebagai Bagian Keuangan, Pengawas, Audit.
https://secure.motivationalliving.com/
163
Kesehatan / [PUBLIC] Vitamin B12 May Protect Against Brain Volume Loss in Older People
« on: 25 September 2008, 10:47:13 AM »
Saya baca dan menarik.. maka saya publish di sini.. semoga bermanfaat
Source : Dari Publikasi Medscape
Vitamin B12 May Protect Against Brain Volume Loss in Older People
September 12, 2008 — Individuals who had higher vitamin B12 levels were 6 times less likely to experience brain-volume loss, a new study shows. The results are published in the September 9 issue of Neurology.
Researchers say the findings should encourage further investigation of low vitamin B12 status as a modifiable cause of brain atrophy and subsequent cognitive impairment in the elderly.
"Clinicians should rethink what they consider normal vitamin B12 levels," senior author A. David Smith, DPhil, from the University of Oxford, told Medscape Neurology & Neurosurgery. "They may want to reconsider the current cutoffs that we use, because they may be too low."
Dr. Smith points out that according to the Institute of Medicine, in healthy individuals, no adverse effects have been associated with excess vitamin B12 intake from supplements or foods such as meat, fish, fortified cereals, milk, and others.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency a Public Health Problem
In the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, experts debated whether the mandatory fortification of foods with vitamin B12 would be beneficial (Refsum H, Smith AD. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:253-254). Dr. Smith weighed in on the issue and in an editorial concluded that much work remains to be done.
"We must remember that evidence of benefit and of lack of harm is always needed before introducing mandatory population-level exposures to nutrients," he wrote.
Dr. Smith pointed to a number of concerns, including a lack of data, issues pertaining to potential malabsorption in the elderly, and observational studies suggesting a link between vitamin B12 and an increased risk for cancer.
During an interview, Dr. Smith pointed out that many unknowns remain about what adverse effects may be associated with excessive amounts of vitamin B12. But, he noted, "We know that an oral dose of 1 mg of vitamin B12 will likely result in just 1% of absorption."
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a public health problem, especially among the elderly, who tend to have lower rates of absorption, so more vitamin B12 intake could help reverse this problem, Dr. Smith said.
Prospective Study
Dr. Smith's group, led by Anna Vogiatzoglou, from the University of Oxford, conducted a prospective study of 107 community-dwelling volunteers aged 61 to 87 years without cognitive impairment at enrollment. They examined the relationship between markers of vitamin B12 status and brain-volume loss per year over a 5-year period in this elderly population.
The researchers assessed participants yearly by clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging scans, and cognitive tests. They collected blood at baseline to measure plasma vitamin B12, transcobalamin, holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, total homocysteine, and serum folate.
They found the decrease in brain volume was greater among those with lower vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin levels. The decrease in brain volume was also greater among those with higher plasma total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels at baseline.
Linear regression analysis showed that associations with vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, creatinine, education, initial brain volume, cognitive test scores, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, total homocysteine, and folate.
The researchers used the upper tertile (for the vitamins) and the lower tertile (for the metabolites) as references in logistic regression analysis and adjusted for covariates.
Vitamin B12 in the bottom tertile (<308 pmol/L) was associated with increased rate of brain-volume loss. The association was similar for low levels of holotranscobalamin (<54 pmol/L).
Risk for Brain Volume Loss Associated with Lowest vs Highest Levels of Vitamin B12 and Holotranscobalamin
Level Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Vitamin B12 6.17 (1.25 – 30.47)
Holotranscobalamin 5.99 (1.21 – 29.81)
Low transcobalamin saturation was also associated with brain-volume loss, but the researchers found no association with high levels of methylmalonic acid, high total homocysteine, or low levels of folate.
"The major finding of this study is that at baseline, vitamin B12 status across the normal range is associated with brain atrophy at follow-up," write the researchers.
Vitamin B12 Status Potential Early Marker of Brain Atrophy
Dr. Smith's team points to a number of strengths of their study, including its prospective design with a relatively long follow-up period and its population-based setting.
The group also points to a number of limitations to the study, including the relatively small sample size and the fact that they did not investigate whether the loss in brain volume is focal or diffuse. Also, a total of 41 of the 148 participants did not have a second brain scan.
They conclude, "These findings suggest that plasma vitamin B12 status may be an early marker of brain atrophy and thus a potentially important modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline in the elderly."
The researchers have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Neurology. 2008;71:826-832. Abstract
Source : Dari Publikasi Medscape
Vitamin B12 May Protect Against Brain Volume Loss in Older People
September 12, 2008 — Individuals who had higher vitamin B12 levels were 6 times less likely to experience brain-volume loss, a new study shows. The results are published in the September 9 issue of Neurology.
Researchers say the findings should encourage further investigation of low vitamin B12 status as a modifiable cause of brain atrophy and subsequent cognitive impairment in the elderly.
"Clinicians should rethink what they consider normal vitamin B12 levels," senior author A. David Smith, DPhil, from the University of Oxford, told Medscape Neurology & Neurosurgery. "They may want to reconsider the current cutoffs that we use, because they may be too low."
Dr. Smith points out that according to the Institute of Medicine, in healthy individuals, no adverse effects have been associated with excess vitamin B12 intake from supplements or foods such as meat, fish, fortified cereals, milk, and others.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency a Public Health Problem
In the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, experts debated whether the mandatory fortification of foods with vitamin B12 would be beneficial (Refsum H, Smith AD. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:253-254). Dr. Smith weighed in on the issue and in an editorial concluded that much work remains to be done.
"We must remember that evidence of benefit and of lack of harm is always needed before introducing mandatory population-level exposures to nutrients," he wrote.
Dr. Smith pointed to a number of concerns, including a lack of data, issues pertaining to potential malabsorption in the elderly, and observational studies suggesting a link between vitamin B12 and an increased risk for cancer.
During an interview, Dr. Smith pointed out that many unknowns remain about what adverse effects may be associated with excessive amounts of vitamin B12. But, he noted, "We know that an oral dose of 1 mg of vitamin B12 will likely result in just 1% of absorption."
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a public health problem, especially among the elderly, who tend to have lower rates of absorption, so more vitamin B12 intake could help reverse this problem, Dr. Smith said.
Prospective Study
Dr. Smith's group, led by Anna Vogiatzoglou, from the University of Oxford, conducted a prospective study of 107 community-dwelling volunteers aged 61 to 87 years without cognitive impairment at enrollment. They examined the relationship between markers of vitamin B12 status and brain-volume loss per year over a 5-year period in this elderly population.
The researchers assessed participants yearly by clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging scans, and cognitive tests. They collected blood at baseline to measure plasma vitamin B12, transcobalamin, holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, total homocysteine, and serum folate.
They found the decrease in brain volume was greater among those with lower vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin levels. The decrease in brain volume was also greater among those with higher plasma total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels at baseline.
Linear regression analysis showed that associations with vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, creatinine, education, initial brain volume, cognitive test scores, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, total homocysteine, and folate.
The researchers used the upper tertile (for the vitamins) and the lower tertile (for the metabolites) as references in logistic regression analysis and adjusted for covariates.
Vitamin B12 in the bottom tertile (<308 pmol/L) was associated with increased rate of brain-volume loss. The association was similar for low levels of holotranscobalamin (<54 pmol/L).
Risk for Brain Volume Loss Associated with Lowest vs Highest Levels of Vitamin B12 and Holotranscobalamin
Level Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Vitamin B12 6.17 (1.25 – 30.47)
Holotranscobalamin 5.99 (1.21 – 29.81)
Low transcobalamin saturation was also associated with brain-volume loss, but the researchers found no association with high levels of methylmalonic acid, high total homocysteine, or low levels of folate.
"The major finding of this study is that at baseline, vitamin B12 status across the normal range is associated with brain atrophy at follow-up," write the researchers.
Vitamin B12 Status Potential Early Marker of Brain Atrophy
Dr. Smith's team points to a number of strengths of their study, including its prospective design with a relatively long follow-up period and its population-based setting.
The group also points to a number of limitations to the study, including the relatively small sample size and the fact that they did not investigate whether the loss in brain volume is focal or diffuse. Also, a total of 41 of the 148 participants did not have a second brain scan.
They conclude, "These findings suggest that plasma vitamin B12 status may be an early marker of brain atrophy and thus a potentially important modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline in the elderly."
The researchers have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Neurology. 2008;71:826-832. Abstract
164
Seremonial / Happy Birthday Kelana
« on: 24 September 2008, 06:00:18 PM »
Happy Birthday Kelana..
Semoga semakin maju dalam praktek Dhamma..
Bro Kelana turut berjasa dalam pengenalan agama Buddha pada diri saya pada tahun 2005 silam.
Thanks a lot bro atas penjelasannya.
Semoga semakin maju dalam praktek Dhamma..
Bro Kelana turut berjasa dalam pengenalan agama Buddha pada diri saya pada tahun 2005 silam.
Thanks a lot bro atas penjelasannya.
165
Tolong ! / [HELP] Praktek Kerja Lapangan
« on: 19 September 2008, 07:52:13 PM »
Dear All,
Ada tidak dari rekan2 sedhamma yang mengetahui perusahaan2 (mungkin tempatnya bekerja) yang biasa menerima mahasiswa untuk kerja praktek, khususnya di dalam bidang IT (programming). Saya mendapatkan private message dari seorang teman yang kebetulan tengah mencari perusahaan yang bisa menampungnya untuk praktek kerja.
Jika ada, tolong post di sini dimana perusahaannya beserta no telp yang bisa dihubungi, dan apa2 saja yang harus dipenuhi, untuk bisa saya forwardkan ke teman saya yang membutuhkannya.
Salam
Fox
Ada tidak dari rekan2 sedhamma yang mengetahui perusahaan2 (mungkin tempatnya bekerja) yang biasa menerima mahasiswa untuk kerja praktek, khususnya di dalam bidang IT (programming). Saya mendapatkan private message dari seorang teman yang kebetulan tengah mencari perusahaan yang bisa menampungnya untuk praktek kerja.
Jika ada, tolong post di sini dimana perusahaannya beserta no telp yang bisa dihubungi, dan apa2 saja yang harus dipenuhi, untuk bisa saya forwardkan ke teman saya yang membutuhkannya.
Salam
Fox