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The Ten-Thousand-Volume Tower was the place where Chen Shou read books in his youth. Located in the Xishan Scenic Spot in Nanchong of Sichuan Province, the tower took its first appearance in Jianxing period (222-237) during the time of the Three Kingdoms. The extant tower was rebuilt in 1990. In the middle of the courtyard is a bronze sculpture of Chen Shou, holding a roll of bamboo slips in his hands and wearing a radiant expression on his face.
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http://history.cultural-china.com/en/174History2028.htmlThe Records of Three Kingdoms (San Guo Zhi, 三国志), setting the Wei Kingdom of the Cao family as the legitimacy, is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was written by Chen Shou (陈寿) in the 3rd century. The work collects the smaller histories of the rival states Cao Wei (曹魏), Shu Han (蜀汉) and Eastern Wu (东吴) of the Three Kingdoms into a single text and provided the basis for the later more popular historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the 14th century.
Of the official historical records in a series of biographies in ancient China, the Records of Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou, Historical Records, History of the Former Han Dynasty and History of the Latter Han Dynasty are called the "First Four Books of History".
Together with the Records of the Grand Historian, Book of Han and Book of Later Han, the book is part of the early four historiographies of the Twenty-Four Histories canon. It contains 65 volumes and about 360,000 words which are broken into three books. The Book of Wei contains 30 volumes, the Book of Shu contains 15 volumes while the Book of Wu contains 20 volumes. Each volume is organised in the form of one or more biographies. The amount of space a biography takes up is dictated by the importance of the figure.
The original author was Chen Shou, who was born in present day Nanchong, Sichuan, in Kingdom of Shu. After the fall of Shu in 263, he became the Gentleman of Works, and was assigned to create a history of the Three Kingdoms. After the fall of Wu in 280, his work received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua. Earlier to the period, the state of Wei and Wu both had their own histories and it was with these works as basis that he began his work. But since the state of Shu lacked a history of its own, the data was composed by him according to what he could remember, as well as primary documents, such as the works of Zhuge Liang, which he had collected. The book used the date after the fall of Han Dynasty in 220 as standard for the state of Wei. The Book of Wei referred the rulers of Wei as emperors, whilst the rulers of Shu were referred to as lords, and rulers of Wu only by their names or with the title 'the Wu ruler'. This is to uphold the legitimacy of the court of Jin as inheritor of the Mandate of Heaven from Wei. The use of title 'lord' for the rulers of Shu shows in part his sympathy towards his native land.
The romantic and historical traditions for the period of Three Kingdoms have been so confused in the centuries that the Records of Three Kingdoms is often regarded as an invaluable resource. Its information, although full of errors itself, is nevertheless much more accurate than the embellishments of later writers. Many of the political, economic and military figures from the period of Three Kingdoms are included in the work as well as those who contributed to the fields of culture, arts and science. In its nature the work is indeed a chronicle, much like those of early Medieval Europe written much later. The text is bland and little more than a collection of historical facts. A typical extract:
In 219, the Former Lord became King of Hanzhong, and made Guan Yu General of the Vanguard. In the same year, Guan Yu attacked Cao Ren at Fan with his followers. Lord Cao sent Yu Jin to aid Cao Ren. In the autumn, great rains caused the Han River to flood, Yu Jin and the seven armies were lost.
From this we can establish reasonably accurately the flow of events and how history unfolded but almost nothing about society or elements of institutions or policies.
The amount of creative imagination used in ancient Chinese historical narratives - of 'fictionalising', is impossible to estimate precisely; but it is obviously considerable. The great historian Sima Qian employed this device greatly and it can be assumed that Chen Shou also did this in his text. It is highly unlikely that various remarks which leaders or soldiers are supposed to have made in the heat of battle could have been taken down stenographically and thus many of them may be false.
The book is also important to the research of Japan's history (where it is known as Sangokushi), for its volume on the Wa people is the first historical document to make explicit mention of Japan. It describes the ancient country of Yamataikoku and its queen, Himiko.
Chen Shou (233–297), born in Nanchong, Sichuan, a historical account of the Three Kingdoms period of China, favored his state over Eastern Wu in the work, but this preference was subordinate to the Jin Dynasty viewpoint, which saw Cao Wei as the legitimate successor of the Han. He referred to the Cao Wei emperors as emperors, the Shu Han emperors as lords, and the Eastern Wu emperors by name or as "rulers", and never referred to the Wu wives as empresses, instead referring to them as ladies.
Chen Shou was once an officer from the Shu Han of Three Kingdoms. His (supposed) father, Chen Shi (as there is no account of his father's name), was also an officer of Shu, and once had his beard shaved off as a penalty by order of Zhuge Liang after a campaign that failed due to a shortsighted strategy of his commander, Ma Su. In 274, he collected the writings of Zhuge Liang. After the fall of the Shu in 263, he served as an officer under the Jin Dynasty, under which he later wrote the Records of Three Kingdoms.
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he Records of Three Kingdoms (San Guo Zhi, 三国志), setting the Wei Kingdom of the Cao family as the legitimacy, is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was written by Chen Shou (陈寿) in the 3rd century. The work collects the smaller histories of the rival states Cao Wei (曹魏), Shu Han (蜀汉) and Eastern Wu (东吴) of the Three Kingdoms into a single text and provided the basis for the later more popular historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the 14th century.
Of the official historical records in a series of biographies in ancient China, the Records of Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou, Historical Records, History of the Former Han Dynasty and History of the Latter Han Dynasty are called the "First Four Books of History".
Together with the Records of the Grand Historian, Book of Han and Book of Later Han, the book is part of the early four historiographies of the Twenty-Four Histories canon. It contains 65 volumes and about 360,000 words which are broken into three books. The Book of Wei contains 30 volumes, the Book of Shu contains 15 volumes while the Book of Wu contains 20 volumes. Each volume is organised in the form of one or more biographies. The amount of space a biography takes up is dictated by the importance of the figure.
The original author was Chen Shou, who was born in present day Nanchong, Sichuan, in Kingdom of Shu. After the fall of Shu in 263, he became the Gentleman of Works, and was assigned to create a history of the Three Kingdoms. After the fall of Wu in 280, his work received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua. Earlier to the period, the state of Wei and Wu both had their own histories and it was with these works as basis that he began his work. But since the state of Shu lacked a history of its own, the data was composed by him according to what he could remember, as well as primary documents, such as the works of Zhuge Liang, which he had collected. The book used the date after the fall of Han Dynasty in 220 as standard for the state of Wei. The Book of Wei referred the rulers of Wei as emperors, whilst the rulers of Shu were referred to as lords, and rulers of Wu only by their names or with the title 'the Wu ruler'. This is to uphold the legitimacy of the court of Jin as inheritor of the Mandate of Heaven from Wei. The use of title 'lord' for the rulers of Shu shows in part his sympathy towards his native land.
The romantic and historical traditions for the period of Three Kingdoms have been so confused in the centuries that the Records of Three Kingdoms is often regarded as an invaluable resource. Its information, although full of errors itself, is nevertheless much more accurate than the embellishments of later writers. Many of the political, economic and military figures from the period of Three Kingdoms are included in the work as well as those who contributed to the fields of culture, arts and science. In its nature the work is indeed a chronicle, much like those of early Medieval Europe written much later. The text is bland and little more than a collection of historical facts. A typical extract:
In 219, the Former Lord became King of Hanzhong, and made Guan Yu General of the Vanguard. In the same year, Guan Yu attacked Cao Ren at Fan with his followers. Lord Cao sent Yu Jin to aid Cao Ren. In the autumn, great rains caused the Han River to flood, Yu Jin and the seven armies were lost.
From this we can establish reasonably accurately the flow of events and how history unfolded but almost nothing about society or elements of institutions or policies.
The amount of creative imagination used in ancient Chinese historical narratives - of 'fictionalising', is impossible to estimate precisely; but it is obviously considerable. The great historian Sima Qian employed this device greatly and it can be assumed that Chen Shou also did this in his text. It is highly unlikely that various remarks which leaders or soldiers are supposed to have made in the heat of battle could have been taken down stenographically and thus many of them may be false.
The book is also important to the research of Japan's history (where it is known as Sangokushi), for its volume on the Wa people is the first historical document to make explicit mention of Japan. It describes the ancient country of Yamataikoku and its queen, Himiko.
Chen Shou (233–297), born in Nanchong, Sichuan, a historical account of the Three Kingdoms period of China, favored his state over Eastern Wu in the work, but this preference was subordinate to the Jin Dynasty viewpoint, which saw Cao Wei as the legitimate successor of the Han. He referred to the Cao Wei emperors as emperors, the Shu Han emperors as lords, and the Eastern Wu emperors by name or as "rulers", and never referred to the Wu wives as empresses, instead referring to them as ladies.
Chen Shou was once an officer from the Shu Han of Three Kingdoms. His (supposed) father, Chen Shi (as there is no account of his father's name), was also an officer of Shu, and once had his beard shaved off as a penalty by order of Zhuge Liang after a campaign that failed due to a shortsighted strategy of his commander, Ma Su. In 274, he collected the writings of Zhuge Liang. After the fall of the Shu in 263, he served as an officer under the Jin Dynasty, under which he later wrote the Records of Three Kingdoms.
Topic: The Legend of Zhuge Liang (Read 29821 times)