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182
Diskusi Umum / Re: [poll]hantu?
« on: 03 February 2009, 08:21:37 PM »Quote from: markosprawira
kalo sensitivitas mata dilatih, nti bisa jadi mata-mata loh laughCara melatih sensitivitas mata gmn? pingin tau aja..
Sensitivitas itu beda ama mata minus/plus loh, tapi ke bagaimana mata lebih bisa melihat pada frekuensi yg lebih tinggi.....
nti saya coba cari ada gambar percobaan dimana manusia yg diberi sinar tertentu, akan bisa tidak kelihatan dari pandangan org biasa loh.....
mirip ama kaya anjing yg bisa menangkap gelombang suara yg lebih tinggi dari manusia yg cuma 20 - 20.000 Hz aja
metta Namaste
apa bisa juga spt jubah gaibnya Harry Potter? pake jubah itu kemudian tidak kelihatan dari pandangan org biasa
183
Diskusi Umum / Re: [poll]hantu?
« on: 03 February 2009, 12:01:25 AM »Quote from: Forte
labor pharmacology kami.. torsonya bisa kedip2 matanya (teman ampe lari pontang panting), keran air buka sendiri, kursi digeser2 sendiri.. LOLhmm.. lab pharmacology terkenal seram ya??
mgkn akibat di lab pharmacology byk makhluk dibunuh..
pernah diceritain dosen pharmacology. tempat terseram yg ada di kampus? jawabannya lab pharmacology lho.. ga tau kenapa kok jawabannya bukan lab anatomi, pdhl itu jg seram, tempat byk mayat dibedah..
untungnya prak di lab itu cuma 1 semester dan 1 minggu 1x (klo ga diskusi ya prak), jd blom pernah melihat dan mengalami sendiri.. apalagi jam 3 siang biasanya udah selesai.. makanya bener2 ga nyangka waktu kul terakhir dibilang klo lab pharmacology paling seram..
diceritain: dulu pelihara anjing, buat percobaan.. dosen2 ada yg jaga.. waktu jam 6 malem (waktu deket maghrib gitu), tiba2 dengar ada suara keras berasal dari tempat anjing.. terus lgs ke sana.. diliat di sana anjingnya kelilit rantai.. pemandangan serem katanya, anjingnya menggonggong terus dengan nada tinggi
trus ada 1 orang dosen mau sholat, trus ke 1 ruangan, tiba2 keluar dari ruangan tersebut lgs takut2.. katanya di dalamnya ada makhluk, makhluk tsb ga ngijinin dia sholat di ruangan tsb..
klo tempat yg gw pernah tau sendiri sih perpustakaan, krn dekat dgn lab anatomi.. klo lab anatomi dulu malam pun masih boleh dimasuki, tp byk kejadian aneh, jd tahun2 belakangan ditutup klo malam, buka cuma sampe sore.. klo ke kampus malam hari pun, kt selalu menghindari lewat sana, klo bisa cari jalan lain..
klo RS lebih heboh lagi.. bisa tiba2 keliatan orang, trus jalan bbrp meter kmd orang tsb hilang.. trus ntar tau2 ada lagi..
jd klo mau aman ya jgn liat2 orang.. krn kadang yg keliatannya org itu adalah hantu.. tp RS klo malam jumlah orangnya pasti sedikit, sepi..
paling serem klo lewat deket kamar mayat.. gw pernah nyasar jd sampe ke depan kamar mayat, pdhl udah malam, parahnya lagi jalan sendirian, ga ada temannya.. benar2 seram..
184
Kafe Jongkok / Re: Ciri-Ciri Anak Berbakat
« on: 02 February 2009, 09:00:05 PM »Quote from: Fudotakika
bukunya, Mengembangkan Bakat dan Kreativitas Anak Sekolah, Prof. Utami Munandar menuliskan indikator keberbakatan sebagai berikut:kesimpulannya cukup berbakat juga
* Ciri-ciri Intelektual/Belajar:
Mudah menangkap pelajaranlumayan, ingatan baikklo ingatan short-term sih iya, udah terlatih, perbendaharaan kata luasliat2 kata dlm bidang apa, penalaran tajam (berpikir logis-kritis, memahami hubungan sebab-akibat)bisa dibilang iya.. hasil penalaran induktif dari waktu ujian pelajaran aneh, ga baca n belajar pun bisa dapet lumayan, aneh jg, daya konsentrasi baik (perhatian tak mudah teralihkan)iya, menguasai banyak bahan tentang berbagai topik,hard to say.. byk dikit itu relatif senang dan sering membacabaca komik, buku bacaan, ungkapan diri lancar dan jelasga juga, pengamat yang cermatlumayan, senang mempelajari kamus maupun peta dan ensiklopedi.kamus iya, ensiklopedi ttg topik tertentu aja, klo peta sih jarang2 amat
Cepat memecahkan soaliya, ga tau kenapa kok gw lebih cepat dari orang lain, cepat menemukan kekeliruan atau kesalahanga selalu, cepat menemukan asas dalam suatu uraianlumayan, mampu membaca pada usia lebih mudaga tau dulu bisa baca umur brp, daya abstraksi tinggiiya, selalu sibuk menangani berbagai hal.seringnya jd org sibuk
* Ciri-ciri Kreativitas:
Dorongan ingin tahunya besartergantung topik, sering mengajukan pertanyaan yang baikpertanyaan yg ga baik mnrt guru agama, msh ingat wkt dulu belajar agama tetangga, sering tny macem2, memberikan banyak gagasan dan usul terhadap suatu masalahmayan, tp biasanya jd ketua, jd wajib pny byk ide, bebas dalam menyatakan pendapatliat2 sikon, mempunyai rasa keindahanga mesti, menonjol dalam salah satu bidang senidunno, mempunyai pendapat sendiri dan dapat mengungkapkannya serta tak mudah terpengaruh orang lainiya, rasa humor tinggiga selalu, daya imajinasi kuatiya lah, cukup KTT (Khayalan Tingkat Tinggi) ini
Dalam pemecahan masalah menggunakan cara-cara orisinal yang jarang diperlihatkan anak-anak lain)iya, macem2 cara kreatif
* Ciri-ciri Motivasi:
Tekun menghadapi tugas (dapat bekerja terus-menerus dalam waktu lama, tak berhenti sebelum selesai),tuntutan pekerjaan itu
Senang dan rajin belajar serta penuh semangatga selalu
Apakah Anda dulu termasuk anak berbakat??
ya iyalah, masa ngaku sendiri ga berbakat
185
Diskusi Umum / Re: [poll]hantu?
« on: 02 February 2009, 02:13:04 PM »
percaya klo ada..
stlh kul di kampus yg berdiri sejak th 1928, plus di dalamnya ada ruang bedah mayat buat anatomi..
ditambah lagi klo jalan2 di RS yg sudah berdiri puluhan tahun, di malam hari yang sepi, apalagi klo sendirian..
dengan yakin bisa menjawab percaya klo ada..
wuih.. seremmmm....
stlh kul di kampus yg berdiri sejak th 1928, plus di dalamnya ada ruang bedah mayat buat anatomi..
ditambah lagi klo jalan2 di RS yg sudah berdiri puluhan tahun, di malam hari yang sepi, apalagi klo sendirian..
dengan yakin bisa menjawab percaya klo ada..
wuih.. seremmmm....
186
Keluarga & Teman / Re: Mencintai tanpa melekat
« on: 31 January 2009, 02:50:17 PM »Quote from: johan3000
"To love is to suffer. To avoid suffering one must not love. But then one suffers from not loving. Therefore to love is to suffer, not to love is to suffer. To suffer is to suffer. To be happy is to love. To be happy then is to suffer. But suffering makes one unhappy. Therefore, to be unhappy one must love, or love to suffer, or suffer from too much happiness. I hope you're getting this down."iya.. tambah bingung.. aneh.. gw bkn orang yg ahli philosophy, filsafat, dsb.. (bkn spt johan 3000)
- Woody Allen,
menurut Woody Allen..... (tambah bingung?)
apakah conclusionnya to love is both to suffer and be happy at the same time?
lha terus dlm segi praktisnya aja, supaya not to suffer caranya gmn?
187
Game / Re: di Antara 2 pilihan
« on: 30 January 2009, 10:31:15 PM »
air hangat.. lebih sehat
aspirin/paracetamol (panadol)?
aspirin/paracetamol (panadol)?
188
Waroeng Mandarin / Re: ????? (y? rì y? chéng y?)
« on: 30 January 2009, 08:24:28 PM »Quote from: Mr.Wei
Yang diatas pernah muncul di ulangan tuh...plg ga suka sama yg namanya hafal mati..
Besok ulangan 成语 lagi neh... susah banget, mesti hafal mati pepatahnya, makna, plus contohnya... harus hapal mati grrrr....
ugh... tp napa gw klo ujian mandarin jg keluar yg namanya 成语.. tp yg ditanya terutama contoh penggunaannya
bahkan pernah disuruh hafalin syair segala.. tp untung jarang2 hafalin syair..
bknnya ga bisa menghafal syair.. cuma bbrp bait aja.. tp ga suka hafal mati syair, dll..
189
Humor / Re: You might be Medan Lang if
« on: 30 January 2009, 08:14:07 PM »
[at] atas: yap.. udah pny brp anak gitu..
190
Kesehatan / [PUBLIC] Use of topical corticosteroids for dermatologic conditions
« on: 30 January 2009, 08:09:44 PM »
Use of Topical Corticosteroids for Dermatologic Conditions Reviewed
Laurie Barclay, MD
Am Fam Physician. 2009;79:135-140.
January 21, 2009 — The best practices for choosing topical corticosteroids for patients with various dermatologic conditions are reviewed in the January 15 issue of American Family Physician.
"The usefulness and side effects of topical steroids are a direct result of their anti-inflammatory properties, although no single agent has been proven to have the best benefit-to-risk ratio," write Jonathan D. Ference, PharmD, from Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing, Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and Allen R. Last, MD, MPH, from Racine Family Medicine Residency Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, in Racine, Wisconsin.
"Topical corticosteroids are effective for conditions that are characterized by hyperproliferation, inflammation, and immunologic involvement," Drs. Ference and Last write. "They can also provide symptomatic relief for burning and pruritic lesions."
Topical corticosteroids have a long history of effectiveness in a wide spectrum of dermatologic conditions. Currently available topical steroids differ widely in potency and formulation. To safely and effectively treat steroid-responsive skin conditions, clinicians should become familiar with 1 or 2 agents in each category of potency.
For successful treatment with topical steroids, factors to be considered include accurate diagnosis, delivery vehicle used for the steroid (eg, ointment, cream, gel, lotion, shampoo), potency, frequency of application, duration of treatment, and adverse effects.
Despite frequent use of topical steroids, clinical data support efficacy only in certain dermatologic conditions. These include psoriasis, vitiligo, eczema, atopic dermatitis, phimosis, acute radiation dermatitis, and lichen sclerosus.
To date, evidence is limited for use of topical steroids in melasma, chronic idiopathic urticaria, and alopecia areata.
Topical steroid potency can be classified based on the vasoconstrictor assay, which evaluates the degree of cutaneous vasoconstriction ("blanching effect") in healthy persons. The 7 groups of topical corticosteroid potency range from ultrahigh potency (group 1) to low potency (group 7).
High-potency topical corticosteroids (groups 1 - 3) include augmented betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% and clobetasol propionate 0.05%. These should be reserved for alopecia areata, resistant atopic dermatitis, discoid lupus, hyperkeratotic eczema, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus of the skin, lichen simplex chronicus, nummular eczema, severe poison ivy, psoriasis, and severe hand eczema.
Except in rare situations and for short durations, high-potency and ultrahigh-potency steroids should not be used on the face, groin, axilla, or under occlusion.
Medium-potency topical steroids (groups 4 and 5) may be used in severe anal inflammation, asteatotic eczema, atopic dermatitis, lichen sclerosus of the vulva, nummular eczema, scabies (after treatment with scabicide), seborrheic dermatitis, severe dermatitis, severe intertrigo (for short-term treatment), and stasis dermatitis. Examples of medium-potency topical steroids include betamethasone valerate, desoximetasone 0.05%, and fluocinolone acetonide 0.025%.
Low-potency topical steroids (groups 6 and 7) may be effective in dermatitis of the diaper area, eyelids, or face; intertrigo; and perianal inflammation. Examples of low-potency topical steroids include fluocinolone 0.01%; hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%; and hydrocortisone 1%, 2.5%. These agents are the safest for long-term use, for application over large surface areas, for use on the face or areas of the body with thinner skin, and for use in children.
Most preparations should be applied once or twice daily, with the optimal dosing schedule determined by trial and error. Chronic application of topical corticosteroids may result in tolerance and tachyphylaxis. Ultrahigh-potency steroids should not be used for more than 3 weeks continuously, but if a longer duration is required, the steroid should be gradually tapered to avoid rebound symptoms, and treatment should be resumed after a steroid-free period of at least 1 week.
Like systemic corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids may have potential adverse effects. Cutaneous or local adverse effects may include atrophic changes, easy bruisability, increased fragility, purpura, stellate pseudoscars, steroid atrophy, striae, telangiectasis, and ulceration.
Topical corticosteroids may increase the risk for infections, including aggravation of cutaneous infection, granuloma gluteale infantum, masked infection (tinea incognito), and secondary infections.
Miscellaneous adverse effects of topical corticosteroids may include contact dermatitis, delayed wound healing, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis (hirsutism), hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, and photosensitization.
"Topically applied high- and ultra-high potency corticosteroids can be absorbed well enough to cause systemic side effects," the review authors write. "Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression, glaucoma, septic necrosis of the femoral head, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and other systemic side effects have been reported. It is difficult to quantify the incidence of side effects caused by topical corticosteroids as a whole, given their differences in potency."
Specific clinical recommendations for practice, all rated level of evidence C, are as follows:
* Psoriasis, vitiligo, lichen sclerosus, atopic dermatitis, eczema, and acute radiation dermatitis can be treated with topical steroids.
* Treatment duration with ultrahigh-potency topical steroids used continuously should not exceed 3 weeks.
* To avoid adverse effects, continuous use of low-potency to high-potency topical steroids should not exceed 3 months.
* To lower the risk for tinea infections, clinicians should generally avoid combinations of topical steroids and antifungal agents.
"Children often require a shorter duration of treatment and a lower potency steroid," the review authors conclude. "When the diagnosis is unclear, when standard treatments fail, or when allergy patch testing is unavailable in the physician's office, referral to a dermatologist is recommended."
Laurie Barclay, MD
Am Fam Physician. 2009;79:135-140.
January 21, 2009 — The best practices for choosing topical corticosteroids for patients with various dermatologic conditions are reviewed in the January 15 issue of American Family Physician.
"The usefulness and side effects of topical steroids are a direct result of their anti-inflammatory properties, although no single agent has been proven to have the best benefit-to-risk ratio," write Jonathan D. Ference, PharmD, from Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing, Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and Allen R. Last, MD, MPH, from Racine Family Medicine Residency Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, in Racine, Wisconsin.
"Topical corticosteroids are effective for conditions that are characterized by hyperproliferation, inflammation, and immunologic involvement," Drs. Ference and Last write. "They can also provide symptomatic relief for burning and pruritic lesions."
Topical corticosteroids have a long history of effectiveness in a wide spectrum of dermatologic conditions. Currently available topical steroids differ widely in potency and formulation. To safely and effectively treat steroid-responsive skin conditions, clinicians should become familiar with 1 or 2 agents in each category of potency.
For successful treatment with topical steroids, factors to be considered include accurate diagnosis, delivery vehicle used for the steroid (eg, ointment, cream, gel, lotion, shampoo), potency, frequency of application, duration of treatment, and adverse effects.
Despite frequent use of topical steroids, clinical data support efficacy only in certain dermatologic conditions. These include psoriasis, vitiligo, eczema, atopic dermatitis, phimosis, acute radiation dermatitis, and lichen sclerosus.
To date, evidence is limited for use of topical steroids in melasma, chronic idiopathic urticaria, and alopecia areata.
Topical steroid potency can be classified based on the vasoconstrictor assay, which evaluates the degree of cutaneous vasoconstriction ("blanching effect") in healthy persons. The 7 groups of topical corticosteroid potency range from ultrahigh potency (group 1) to low potency (group 7).
High-potency topical corticosteroids (groups 1 - 3) include augmented betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% and clobetasol propionate 0.05%. These should be reserved for alopecia areata, resistant atopic dermatitis, discoid lupus, hyperkeratotic eczema, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus of the skin, lichen simplex chronicus, nummular eczema, severe poison ivy, psoriasis, and severe hand eczema.
Except in rare situations and for short durations, high-potency and ultrahigh-potency steroids should not be used on the face, groin, axilla, or under occlusion.
Medium-potency topical steroids (groups 4 and 5) may be used in severe anal inflammation, asteatotic eczema, atopic dermatitis, lichen sclerosus of the vulva, nummular eczema, scabies (after treatment with scabicide), seborrheic dermatitis, severe dermatitis, severe intertrigo (for short-term treatment), and stasis dermatitis. Examples of medium-potency topical steroids include betamethasone valerate, desoximetasone 0.05%, and fluocinolone acetonide 0.025%.
Low-potency topical steroids (groups 6 and 7) may be effective in dermatitis of the diaper area, eyelids, or face; intertrigo; and perianal inflammation. Examples of low-potency topical steroids include fluocinolone 0.01%; hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%; and hydrocortisone 1%, 2.5%. These agents are the safest for long-term use, for application over large surface areas, for use on the face or areas of the body with thinner skin, and for use in children.
Most preparations should be applied once or twice daily, with the optimal dosing schedule determined by trial and error. Chronic application of topical corticosteroids may result in tolerance and tachyphylaxis. Ultrahigh-potency steroids should not be used for more than 3 weeks continuously, but if a longer duration is required, the steroid should be gradually tapered to avoid rebound symptoms, and treatment should be resumed after a steroid-free period of at least 1 week.
Like systemic corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids may have potential adverse effects. Cutaneous or local adverse effects may include atrophic changes, easy bruisability, increased fragility, purpura, stellate pseudoscars, steroid atrophy, striae, telangiectasis, and ulceration.
Topical corticosteroids may increase the risk for infections, including aggravation of cutaneous infection, granuloma gluteale infantum, masked infection (tinea incognito), and secondary infections.
Miscellaneous adverse effects of topical corticosteroids may include contact dermatitis, delayed wound healing, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis (hirsutism), hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, and photosensitization.
"Topically applied high- and ultra-high potency corticosteroids can be absorbed well enough to cause systemic side effects," the review authors write. "Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression, glaucoma, septic necrosis of the femoral head, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and other systemic side effects have been reported. It is difficult to quantify the incidence of side effects caused by topical corticosteroids as a whole, given their differences in potency."
Specific clinical recommendations for practice, all rated level of evidence C, are as follows:
* Psoriasis, vitiligo, lichen sclerosus, atopic dermatitis, eczema, and acute radiation dermatitis can be treated with topical steroids.
* Treatment duration with ultrahigh-potency topical steroids used continuously should not exceed 3 weeks.
* To avoid adverse effects, continuous use of low-potency to high-potency topical steroids should not exceed 3 months.
* To lower the risk for tinea infections, clinicians should generally avoid combinations of topical steroids and antifungal agents.
"Children often require a shorter duration of treatment and a lower potency steroid," the review authors conclude. "When the diagnosis is unclear, when standard treatments fail, or when allergy patch testing is unavailable in the physician's office, referral to a dermatologist is recommended."
191
Perkenalan / Re: wei, ;D
« on: 30 January 2009, 06:41:48 PM »
medan kia.. kenapa ga pake nama medan tua lang aja? kesannya biar lebih senior n lebih dihormati, hahaha..
ato pake nama medan kui.. biar lebih ditakuti orang.. coba siapa yg ga takut sama kui? hahaha..
just kidding..
salam kenal ya..
ato pake nama medan kui.. biar lebih ditakuti orang.. coba siapa yg ga takut sama kui? hahaha..
just kidding..
salam kenal ya..
192
Keluarga & Teman / Re: [ask]menghadapi teman yang nyebelin
« on: 30 January 2009, 06:37:23 PM »
kurangi interaksi dgn teman tsb..
memang dlm berteman tdk semua teman baik2 aja, kdg jg bertemu dgn teman yg menyebalkan
walaupun 1 kelas, bisa aja kan ga omong2... cth nyata: gw sendiri ada teman yg menyebalkan, 1 kelas sih untungnya ngga, tp ikut 1 UKM, ya klo ada acara ketemu dia gw ga ngomong sama dia.. kecuali klo terpaksa, ada keperluan, ya ngomong secukupnya aja.. males dah berteman dgn orang spt itu, tp terpaksa harus ketemu, mau gmn lagi, ya cuma mengurangi interaksi aja..
memang dlm berteman tdk semua teman baik2 aja, kdg jg bertemu dgn teman yg menyebalkan
walaupun 1 kelas, bisa aja kan ga omong2... cth nyata: gw sendiri ada teman yg menyebalkan, 1 kelas sih untungnya ngga, tp ikut 1 UKM, ya klo ada acara ketemu dia gw ga ngomong sama dia.. kecuali klo terpaksa, ada keperluan, ya ngomong secukupnya aja.. males dah berteman dgn orang spt itu, tp terpaksa harus ketemu, mau gmn lagi, ya cuma mengurangi interaksi aja..
193
Game / Re: di Antara 2 pilihan
« on: 27 January 2009, 09:25:56 PM »
ke vihara donk^^
pergi dokter ato sinshe?
pergi dokter ato sinshe?
194
Game / Re: GAME : MENGHUBUNGKAN KATA
« on: 26 January 2009, 10:59:13 PM »
murmur (jenis suara yang didengar lewat stetoskop)
195
Game / Re: di Antara 2 pilihan
« on: 26 January 2009, 08:47:35 PM »
open house lah
sakit batuk atau demam?
sakit batuk atau demam?