Objective To determine whether regular aspirin use is associated with a higher risk for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by using analyzed data from a 15-year prospective cohort.
Methods A prospective analysis was conducted of data from an Australian population-based cohort with 4 examinations during a 15-year period (1992-1994 to 2007-2009). Participants completed a detailed questionnaire at baseline assessing aspirin use, cardiovascular disease status, and AMD risk factors. Age-related macular degeneration was graded side-by-side from retinal photographs taken at each study visit to assess the incidence of neovascular (wet) AMD and geographic atrophy (dry AMD) according to the international AMD classification.
Results Of 2389 baseline participants with follow-up data available, 257 individuals (10.8%) were regular aspirin users and 63 of the 2389 developed neovascular AMD. Persons who were regular aspirin users were more likely to have incident neovascular AMD: the 15-year cumulative incidence was 9.3% in users and 3.7% in nonusers. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index, persons who were regular aspirin users had a higher risk of developing neovascular AMD (odds ratio [OR], 2.46; 95% CI, 1.25-4.83). The association showed a dose-response effect (multivariate-adjusted P = .01 for trend). Aspirin use was not associated with the incidence of geographic atrophy (multivariate-adjusted OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.59-1.65).
Conclusion Regular aspirin use is associated with increased risk of incident neovascular AMD, independent of a history of cardiovascular disease and smoking.
Purpose
To assess the relationship between baseline dietary and supplement intakes of antioxidants and the long-term risk of incident age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Design
Australian population–based cohort study.
Participants
Of 3654 baseline (1992–1994) participants initially 49 years of older, 2454 were reexamined after 5 years, 10 years, or both.
Methods
Stereoscopic retinal photographs were graded using the Wisconsin Grading System. Data on potential risk factors were collected. Energy-adjusted intakes of α-carotene; β-carotene; β-cryptoxanthin; lutein and zeaxanthin; lycopene; vitamins A, C, and E; and iron and zinc were the study factors. Discrete logistic models assessed AMD risk. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and other risk factors.
Main Outcome Measures
Incident early, late, and any AMD.
Results
For dietary lutein and zeaxanthin, participants in the top tertile of intake had a reduced risk of incident neovascular AMD (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13–0.92), and those with above median intakes had a reduced risk of indistinct soft or reticular drusen (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48–0.92). For total zinc intake the RR comparing the top decile intake with the remaining population was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32–0.97) for any AMD and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.30–0.97) for early AMD. The highest compared with the lowest tertile of total β-carotene intake predicted incident neovascular AMD (RR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.03–6.96; P = 0.029, for trend). Similarly, β-carotene intake from diet alone predicted neovascular AMD (RR comparing tertile 3 with tertile 1, 2.40; 95% CI, 0.98–5.91; P = 0.027, for trend). This association was evident in both ever and never smokers. Higher intakes of total vitamin E predicted late AMD (RR compared with the lowest tertile, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.28–6.23; and RR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.14–5.70 for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively; P = 0.22, for trend).
Conclusions
In this population-based cohort study, higher dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake reduced the risk of long-term incident AMD. This study confirmed the Age-Related Eye Disease Study finding of protective influences from zinc against AMD. Higher β-carotene intake was associated with an increased risk of AMD.
Kebetulan lagi bahas mengenai AMD.. saya angkat juga case ini.. Bagi yang demen konsumsi suplemen antioksidan ada baiknya juga berhati2.. penelitian juga menyebutkan konsumsi beta karoten dosis tinggi dalam jangka waktu lama juga bisa menyebabkan AMD..
Wah, ini yang menarik nih.saya pikir bisa juga berlaku untuk beta karoten alami.. karena sepengetahuan saya beta karoten juga tidak baik dikonsumsi dalam jumlah besar.. ada penyakit yang terkait dengan hal ini yaitu carotenosis, ditandai dengan pigmentasi kulit menjadi orange..
Apakah ini juga berlaku untuk beta caroten alami seperti yang ada di wortel misalnya? Alasan orang makan wortel antara lain kan untuk menjaga kesehatan mata, nah koq ini ternyata malah bisa sebaliknya. :-?
wah, wa sering ada makan Ascadia 160 mg untuk saluran darah nya (vein) agar tidak berplak nih!.kalau pemakaian dalam jangka waktu lama, ada baiknya dihindari juga.. bukan karena masalah macular saja.. tapi juga bisa memicu bleeding..
kalau pemakaian dalam jangka waktu lama, ada baiknya dihindari juga.. bukan karena masalah macular saja.. tapi juga bisa memicu bleeding..
wah, wa sering ada makan Ascadia 160 mg untuk saluran darah nya (vein) agar tidak berplak nih!.