Masih mengenai asal-usul tantra:
The word “dakini” is Sanskrit; its inferred meaning has been borrowed from (and equated with) the Tibetan word khandro ("sky goer," "she who moves through space"), and the two words are often used interchangeably. But unlike “dakini,” with its derived male form ("daka"), the Tibetan word khandro has no such twin and stands alone as a female being who moves through emptiness or flies through space — a kind of Tibetan Fairy Goddess or, as June Campbell named her in her book by the same name, A Traveller in Space. (Campbell) Khandro, Campbell says, "is quite a unique word, with no male equivalent, and would seem to have arisen not out of the Sanskrit background of Tantra… but apparently from the shamanistic roots of Tibet itself." (145) And
Miranda Shaw mentions several Indian scholars who "suggest that Tantra itself (both Hindu and Buddhist) originated among the priestesses and shamanesses of matrilinear tribal and rural societies." (Shaw, 6)Prof. Miranda Shaw menyebutkan beberapa skolar India yang mengatakan "Tantra itu sendiri (Buddhist dan Hindu) berasal dari pendeta wanita dan dukun-dukun suku matrilineal dan masyarakat pedesaan.
This is clearly a direct link to Vajrayogini, the red Queen of the Dakinis who is frequently depicted drinking her own menstrual blood from a skullcup held in her left hand. The essential female bodily substance, menstrual blood, is shown here to be spiritual nourishment par excellence, creating a striking metaphor for female-to-female direct transmission in a lineage of wisdom, in this case from the deity, Vajrayogini, to a dakini, Yeshe Tsogyal, in human form.
Ini secara jelas adalah kaitan langsung ke vajrayogini, ratu dakini merah yang sering digambarkan meminum darah menstruasinya sendiri dari mangkuk kepala (kapala) yang dipegang di tangan kirinya. sari penting substansi tubuh wanita, darah menstruasi, diperlihatkan disini sebagai nutrisi spiritual tak terbandingkan, menciptakan metafora jitu penerusan langsung pada garis warisan kebijaksanaan, dalam hal ini dari dewa, vajrayhogini, kepada dakini, yeshe tsogyal dalam bentuk manusia.
Daftar pustaka:Allione, Tsultrim. Women of Wisdom. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2000.
Barber, Elizabeth Wayland. The Mummies of Ürumchi. NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1999.
Bellezza, John Vincent. Divine Dyads: Ancient Civilization in Tibet. Dharamsala, India: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, 1997.
Campbell, June. Traveller in Space: In Search of Female Identity in Tibetan Buddhism. NY: George Braziller, 1996.
Czaplicka, M. A. Aboriginal Siberia: A Study in Social Anthropology. Oxford, England: The Clarendon Press, 1914.
Dowman, Keith. Sky Dancer: The Secret Life and Songs of the Lady Yeshe Tsogyel. London, England: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.
Gundrum, Dale. "Fabric of Time" in Archaeology, March-April 2000, pp. 46-51.
Mallory, J.P. & Victor Mair. The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London, England: Thames & Hudson, 2000.
Marler, Joan. The Danube Script: Neo-Eneolithic Writing in Southeastern Europe (Exhibition Catalogue). Institute of Archaeomythology, 2008.
Noble, Vicki. The Double Goddess: Women Sharing Power. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 2003.
Shaw, Miranda. Passionate Enlightenment: Women in Tantric Buddhism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
White, David Gordon. The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
White, David Gordon, editor. Tantra in Practice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
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http://www.matrifocus.com/BEL09/noble.htm